Cultivation Area Affects the Presence of Fungal Communities and Secondary Metabolites in Italian Durum Wheat Grains

In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) comp...

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Published inToxins Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 97
Main Authors Beccari, Giovanni, Prodi, Antonio, Senatore, Maria Teresa, Balmas, Virgilio, Tini, Francesco, Onofri, Andrea, Pedini, Luca, Sulyok, Michael, Brocca, Luca, Covarelli, Lorenzo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI 03.02.2020
MDPI AG
Subjects
Biomass
cereals
DNA, Fungal - analysis
Edible Grain - microbiology
Food Contamination
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - growth & development
Fungi - isolation & purification
Fungi - metabolism
fusarium head blight
Italy
mycotoxins
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Secondary Metabolism
Triticum - microbiology
triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Weather
wheat
Italy
wheat
cereals
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
mycotoxins
Fusarium head blight
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI10.3390/toxins12020097

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Abstract In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusarium poae, in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusarium graminearum, in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.
AbstractList In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusarium poae, in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusarium graminearum, in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.
In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusariumpoae, in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusariumgraminearum, in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusariumpoae, in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusariumgraminearum, in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.
In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of , in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. , in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to mycotoxins accumulation.
In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusarium poae , in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusarium graminearum , in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.
Author Beccari, Giovanni
Covarelli, Lorenzo
Onofri, Andrea
Senatore, Maria Teresa
Prodi, Antonio
Pedini, Luca
Sulyok, Michael
Balmas, Virgilio
Tini, Francesco
Brocca, Luca
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; mariateresa.senatore@unibo.it
4 Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse, 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; michael.sulyok@boku.ac.at
1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; giovanni.beccari@unipg.it (G.B.); francesco.tini@unipg.it (F.T.); andrea.onofri@unipg.it (A.O.); lucapedini92@gmail.com (L.P.); or
5 Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Via della Madonna Alta, 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy; luca.brocca@irpi.cnr.it
3 Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; balmas@uniss.it
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; mariateresa.senatore@unibo.it
– name: 4 Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse, 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; michael.sulyok@boku.ac.at
– name: 5 Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Via della Madonna Alta, 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy; luca.brocca@irpi.cnr.it
– name: 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; giovanni.beccari@unipg.it (G.B.); francesco.tini@unipg.it (F.T.); andrea.onofri@unipg.it (A.O.); lucapedini92@gmail.com (L.P.); or
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Issue 2
Keywords wheat
cereals
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
mycotoxins
Fusarium head blight
Language English
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Current co-address: Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth 6102, WA, Australia.
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Snippet In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
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Enrichment Source
StartPage 97
SubjectTerms Biomass
cereals
DNA, Fungal - analysis
Edible Grain - microbiology
Food Contamination
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - growth & development
Fungi - isolation & purification
Fungi - metabolism
fusarium head blight
Italy
mycotoxins
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Secondary Metabolism
Triticum - microbiology
triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Weather
wheat
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Title Cultivation Area Affects the Presence of Fungal Communities and Secondary Metabolites in Italian Durum Wheat Grains
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32028570
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2352633434
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7076967
https://doaj.org/article/30afe70682f94dad86ee972bd7f4c491
Volume 12
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