Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality
Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex....
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| Published in | Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 83; no. 8; pp. 783 - 793 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
27.02.2024
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| Abstract | Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement.
The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex.
In a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019.
During 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009).
Women compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the “gender gap” by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity.
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| AbstractList | Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement.
The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex.
In a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019.
During 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009).
Women compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the "gender gap" by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity. Females consistently lag behind males in physical activity engagement. We studied 412,413 U.S. adults and found that with ~300 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity, the maximal mortality risk reduction achieved for males was 18% and for females 24%. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death and consistent across all levels and measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity. The finding that females may derive especially pronounced survival benefits from equivalent doses of exercise could enhance efforts to close the ‘gender-gap’ by motivating especially females to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity. Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex. In a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019. During 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009). Women compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the “gender gap” by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity. [Display omitted] BACKGROUNDAlthough physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement.OBJECTIVESThe goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex.METHODSIn a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019.RESULTSDuring 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009).CONCLUSIONSWomen compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the "gender gap" by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity. |
| Author | Ebinger, Joseph E. Skali, Hicham Ji, Hongwei Huang, Tzu Yu Cheng, Susan Gulati, Martha Moreau, Kerrie L. Kwan, Alan C. Casaletto, Kaitlin Ouyang, David |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China 3 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA 4 Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boston, MA 2 Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 6 Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 5 Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Boston, MA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Boston, MA – name: 2 Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA – name: 6 Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA – name: 4 Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boston, MA – name: 3 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA – name: 1 Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hongwei orcidid: 0000-0003-3657-4666 surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Hongwei email: hongweijicn@gmail.com organization: Tsinghua Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Martha orcidid: 0000-0003-0735-9756 surname: Gulati fullname: Gulati, Martha organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Tzu Yu surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Tzu Yu organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Alan C. surname: Kwan fullname: Kwan, Alan C. organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0002-3813-7518 surname: Ouyang fullname: Ouyang, David organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Joseph E. surname: Ebinger fullname: Ebinger, Joseph E. organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Kaitlin surname: Casaletto fullname: Casaletto, Kaitlin organization: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Kerrie L. surname: Moreau fullname: Moreau, Kerrie L. organization: Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Hicham surname: Skali fullname: Skali, Hicham organization: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Susan surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Susan email: susan.cheng@cshs.org organization: Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmh_2024_100227 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacc_2024_05_016 crossref_primary_10_24969_hvt_2024_469 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ahj_2024_05_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2024_117577 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_62929_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacc_2024_01_003 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16132136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lpmfor_2024_05_001 |
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About the National Health Interview Survey. 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Accessed March 11, 2023 ident: bib1 article-title: Physical activity among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2020 publication-title: NCHS Data Brief, no 443. 2022 contributor: fullname: Reuben – volume: 353 start-page: 468 year: 2005 end-page: 475 ident: bib7 article-title: The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women publication-title: N Engl J Med contributor: fullname: Shaw – volume: 52 start-page: 1445 year: 2018 end-page: 14563 ident: bib36 article-title: European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries publication-title: Br J Sports Med contributor: fullname: Atkinson – ident: bib8 article-title: National Center for Health Statistics. NHIS data, questionnaires and related documentation – volume: 61 start-page: 72 year: 2006 end-page: 77 ident: bib28 article-title: Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort publication-title: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci contributor: fullname: Visser – volume: 42 start-page: 994 year: 2017 end-page: 1000 ident: bib26 article-title: Sex differences in the oxygen delivery, extraction, and uptake during moderate-walking exercise transition publication-title: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab contributor: fullname: Hughson – volume: 91 start-page: 755 year: 2016 end-page: 762 ident: bib6 article-title: Sex differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality: the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project publication-title: Mayo Clin Proc contributor: fullname: Whelton – volume: 182 start-page: 840 year: 2022 end-page: 848 ident: bib14 article-title: Association of the "weekend warrior" and other leisure-time physical activity patterns with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide cohort study publication-title: JAMA Intern Med contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 4 year: 2019 ident: bib5 article-title: Time to tackle the physical activity gender gap publication-title: Lancet Public Health – volume: 48 start-page: 623 year: 2000 end-page: 629 ident: bib30 article-title: Fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women publication-title: J Histochem Cytochem contributor: fullname: Hikida – volume: 66 start-page: 254 year: 1993 end-page: 262 ident: bib31 article-title: Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol contributor: fullname: Sale – volume: 183 start-page: 982 year: 2023 end-page: 990 ident: bib17 article-title: Prospective associations of different combinations of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality publication-title: JAMA Intern Med contributor: fullname: Del Pozo Cruz – volume: 14 year: 2022 ident: bib25 article-title: Lean body mass and the cardiovascular system constitute a female-specific relationship publication-title: Sci Transl Med contributor: fullname: Montero – volume: 89 start-page: 81 year: 2000 end-page: 88 ident: bib23 article-title: Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr publication-title: J Appl Physiol (1985) contributor: fullname: Ross – volume: 28 start-page: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 39.e14 ident: bib24 article-title: Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging publication-title: J Am Soc Echocardiogr contributor: fullname: Mor-Avi – volume: 16 start-page: 243 year: 2013 end-page: 250 ident: bib32 article-title: Mechanisms for fiber-type specificity of skeletal muscle atrophy publication-title: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care contributor: fullname: Pessin – volume: 34 start-page: 1448 year: 2020 end-page: 1460 ident: bib27 article-title: Sex differences in resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: J Strength Cond Res contributor: fullname: Krieger – volume: 594 start-page: 4407 year: 2016 end-page: 4423 ident: bib29 article-title: The mechanistic bases of the power-time relationship: muscle metabolic responses and relationships to muscle fibre type publication-title: J Physiol contributor: fullname: DiMenna – volume: 4 start-page: 23 year: 2020 end-page: 35 ident: bib34 article-title: Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants publication-title: Lancet Child Adolesc Health contributor: fullname: Bull – volume: 124 start-page: 789 year: 2011 end-page: 795 ident: bib20 article-title: Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis publication-title: Circulation contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 31 year: 2022 ident: bib22 article-title: Sex, gender and the pulmonary physiology of exercise publication-title: Eur Respir Rev contributor: fullname: Molgat-Seon – ident: bib9 article-title: National Center for Health Statistics. Health Care Surveys – volume: 124 start-page: 789 issue: 7 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib20 article-title: Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.010710 contributor: fullname: Sattelmair – volume: 346 start-page: 793 issue: 11 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib21 article-title: Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011858 contributor: fullname: Myers – volume: 14 issue: 667 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib25 article-title: Lean body mass and the cardiovascular system constitute a female-specific relationship publication-title: Sci Transl Med doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2641 contributor: fullname: Diaz-Canestro – volume: 2 start-page: 1 issue: 165 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib11 article-title: Design and estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 2006-2015 publication-title: Vital Health Stat contributor: fullname: Parsons – volume: 28 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib24 article-title: Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging publication-title: J Am Soc Echocardiogr doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003 contributor: fullname: Lang – volume: 48 start-page: 197 issue: 3 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib38 article-title: Using accelerometers to measure physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies: issues and challenges publication-title: Br J Sports Med doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093154 contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 18 start-page: S25 issue: S1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib12 article-title: Participation in leisure-time aerobic physical activity among adults, National Health Interview Survey, 1998-2018 publication-title: J Phys Act Health doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0014 contributor: fullname: Whitfield – volume: 14 start-page: 930 issue: 1 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib39 article-title: Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study publication-title: Nat Commun doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36546-5 contributor: fullname: Feng – volume: 52 start-page: 1445 issue: 22 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib36 article-title: European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries publication-title: Br J Sports Med doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253 contributor: fullname: Tomkinson – volume: 61 start-page: 72 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib28 article-title: Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort publication-title: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci doi: 10.1093/gerona/61.1.72 contributor: fullname: Newman – volume: 31 issue: 163 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib22 article-title: Sex, gender and the pulmonary physiology of exercise publication-title: Eur Respir Rev doi: 10.1183/16000617.0074-2021 contributor: fullname: Dominelli – volume: 594 start-page: 4407 issue: 15 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib29 article-title: The mechanistic bases of the power-time relationship: muscle metabolic responses and relationships to muscle fibre type publication-title: J Physiol doi: 10.1113/JP271879 contributor: fullname: Vanhatalo – volume: 378 start-page: 1244 issue: 9798 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib19 article-title: Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6 contributor: fullname: Wen – volume: 34 start-page: 1448 issue: 5 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib27 article-title: Sex differences in resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: J Strength Cond Res doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003521 contributor: fullname: Roberts – volume: 366 start-page: 321 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib33 article-title: Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1012848 contributor: fullname: Berry – volume: 4 start-page: 23 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib34 article-title: Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants publication-title: Lancet Child Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2 contributor: fullname: Guthold – volume: 9 start-page: 103 issue: 1 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib37 article-title: A systematic review of reliability and objective criterion-related validity of physical activity questionnaires publication-title: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-103 contributor: fullname: Helmerhorst – volume: 66 start-page: 254 issue: 3 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib31 article-title: Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol doi: 10.1007/BF00235103 contributor: fullname: Miller – volume: 182 start-page: 840 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib14 article-title: Association of the "weekend warrior" and other leisure-time physical activity patterns with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide cohort study publication-title: JAMA Intern Med doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2488 contributor: fullname: Dos Santos – volume: 48 start-page: 623 issue: 5 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib30 article-title: Fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women publication-title: J Histochem Cytochem doi: 10.1177/002215540004800506 contributor: fullname: Staron – volume: 91 start-page: 755 issue: 6 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib6 article-title: Sex differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality: the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project publication-title: Mayo Clin Proc doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.002 contributor: fullname: Al-Mallah – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib16 – volume: 74 start-page: 1376 issue: 10 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib3 article-title: 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.009 contributor: fullname: Arnett – volume: 4 issue: 8 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib5 article-title: Time to tackle the physical activity gender gap publication-title: Lancet Public Health – volume: 18 start-page: S37 issue: S1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib13 article-title: Trends in meeting the physical activity guidelines: muscle-strengthening alone and combined with aerobic activity, United States, 1998-2018 publication-title: J Phys Act Health doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0077 contributor: fullname: Hyde – volume: 16 start-page: 243 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib32 article-title: Mechanisms for fiber-type specificity of skeletal muscle atrophy publication-title: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328360272d contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 89 start-page: 81 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib23 article-title: Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr publication-title: J Appl Physiol (1985) doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81 contributor: fullname: Janssen – volume: 181 start-page: 203 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib15 article-title: Association of physical activity intensity with mortality: a national cohort study of 403 681 US adults publication-title: JAMA Intern Med doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6331 contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 6 start-page: e1077 issue: 10 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib35 article-title: Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants publication-title: Lancet Glob Health doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 contributor: fullname: Guthold – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib1 article-title: Physical activity among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2020 publication-title: NCHS Data Brief, no 443. 2022 contributor: fullname: Elgaddal – volume: 320 start-page: 2020 issue: 19 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib2 article-title: The physical activity guidelines for Americans publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854 contributor: fullname: Piercy – volume: 183 start-page: 982 issue: 9 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib17 article-title: Prospective associations of different combinations of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality publication-title: JAMA Intern Med doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.3093 contributor: fullname: López-Bueno – volume: 353 start-page: 468 issue: 5 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib7 article-title: The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa044154 contributor: fullname: Gulati – volume: 42 start-page: 994 issue: 9 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib26 article-title: Sex differences in the oxygen delivery, extraction, and uptake during moderate-walking exercise transition publication-title: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0097 contributor: fullname: Beltrame – volume: 11 start-page: 424 issue: 4 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib4 article-title: What is driving gender inequalities in physical activity among adolescents? publication-title: J Sport Health Sci contributor: fullname: Guthold – volume: 46 start-page: 99 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019_bib18 article-title: Comparison of self-reported versus accelerometer-measured physical activity publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a0595f contributor: fullname: Dyrstad |
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| Snippet | Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male... BACKGROUNDAlthough physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag... Females consistently lag behind males in physical activity engagement. We studied 412,413 U.S. adults and found that with ~300 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous... |
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| SubjectTerms | mortality physical activity sex differences |
| Title | Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality |
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