Deletion and tandem duplications of biosynthetic genes drive the diversity of triterpenoids in Aralia elata

Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax , valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 2224 - 16
Main Authors Wang, Yu, Zhang, He, Ri, Hyok Chol, An, Zeyu, Wang, Xin, Zhou, Jia-Nan, Zheng, Dongran, Wu, Hao, Wang, Pengchao, Yang, Jianfei, Liu, Ding-Kun, Zhang, Diyang, Tsai, Wen-Chieh, Xue, Zheyong, Xu, Zhichao, Zhang, Peng, Liu, Zhong-Jian, Shen, Hailong, Li, Yuhua
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.04.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
45/23
45/91
631/208/212/2304
631/449/2667
631/45/603
631/61/318
Aralia - metabolism
Aralia elata
Araliaceae
Callus
Chromosomes
Complementation
Divergence
Exons
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genomes
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Panax
Panax - metabolism
Reproduction (copying)
Saponins
Saponins - genetics
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Species
Synthesis
Triterpene saponins
Triterpenes - metabolism
Triterpenoids
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax , valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A . elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As , AeCSLMs , and AeUGT73s , which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides. Unlike Panax species, which can produce dammarane-type saponins, Aralia elata can only synthesize oleananetype saponins. Here, the authors reveal that the loss of the dammaranediol synthase-encoding gene and tandem duplication of triterpene biosynthetic genes drive structural divergences of saponins between the two genera.
AbstractList Abstract Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax , valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A . elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As , AeCSLMs , and AeUGT73s , which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides.
Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax , valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A . elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As , AeCSLMs , and AeUGT73s , which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides. Unlike Panax species, which can produce dammarane-type saponins, Aralia elata can only synthesize oleananetype saponins. Here, the authors reveal that the loss of the dammaranediol synthase-encoding gene and tandem duplication of triterpene biosynthetic genes drive structural divergences of saponins between the two genera.
Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax, valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A. elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As, AeCSLMs, and AeUGT73s, which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides.Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax, valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A. elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As, AeCSLMs, and AeUGT73s, which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides.
Unlike Panax species, which can produce dammarane-type saponins, Aralia elata can only synthesize oleananetype saponins. Here, the authors reveal that the loss of the dammaranediol synthase-encoding gene and tandem duplication of triterpene biosynthetic genes drive structural divergences of saponins between the two genera.
Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax, valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A. elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As, AeCSLMs, and AeUGT73s, which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides.
Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and dammarane-type saponins in Panax, valued for their medicinal properties. The lack of genome sequences of Panax relatives has hindered mechanistic insight into the divergence of triterpene saponins in Araliaceae. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of Aralia elata with a total length of 1.05 Gb. The loss of 12 exons in the dammarenediol synthase (DDS)-encoding gene in A. elata after divergence from Panax might have caused the lack of dammarane-type saponin production, and a complementation assay shows that overexpression of the PgDDS gene from Panax ginseng in callus of A. elata recovers the accumulation of dammarane-type saponins. Tandem duplication events of triterpene biosynthetic genes are common in the A. elata genome, especially for AeCYP72As, AeCSLMs, and AeUGT73s, which function as tailoring enzymes of oleanane-type saponins and aralosides. More than 13 aralosides are de novo synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of these genes in combination. This study sheds light on the diversity of saponins biosynthetic pathway in Araliaceae and will facilitate heterologous bioproduction of aralosides.Unlike Panax species, which can produce dammarane-type saponins, Aralia elata can only synthesize oleananetype saponins. Here, the authors reveal that the loss of the dammaranediol synthase-encoding gene and tandem duplication of triterpene biosynthetic genes drive structural divergences of saponins between the two genera.
ArticleNumber 2224
Author Liu, Zhong-Jian
Zhang, Peng
Zheng, Dongran
Xue, Zheyong
Shen, Hailong
Wang, Yu
Wu, Hao
Ri, Hyok Chol
Wang, Xin
Zhang, He
Xu, Zhichao
Liu, Ding-Kun
Zhou, Jia-Nan
Tsai, Wen-Chieh
Li, Yuhua
Yang, Jianfei
An, Zeyu
Wang, Pengchao
Zhang, Diyang
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University
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  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, He
  organization: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education
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  givenname: Hyok Chol
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  organization: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Biochemistry Institute, University of Science
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  organization: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University
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  organization: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University
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  organization: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35468919$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and...
Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and...
Abstract Araliaceae species produce various classes of triterpene and triterpenoid saponins, such as the oleanane-type triterpenoids in Aralia species and...
Unlike Panax species, which can produce dammarane-type saponins, Aralia elata can only synthesize oleananetype saponins. Here, the authors reveal that the loss...
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StartPage 2224
SubjectTerms 45/23
45/91
631/208/212/2304
631/449/2667
631/45/603
631/61/318
Aralia - metabolism
Aralia elata
Araliaceae
Callus
Chromosomes
Complementation
Divergence
Exons
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genomes
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Panax
Panax - metabolism
Reproduction (copying)
Saponins
Saponins - genetics
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Species
Synthesis
Triterpene saponins
Triterpenes - metabolism
Triterpenoids
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Title Deletion and tandem duplications of biosynthetic genes drive the diversity of triterpenoids in Aralia elata
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-022-29908-y
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35468919
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2655563719
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9038795
https://doaj.org/article/04a7401451c048abaa9819937056c608
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