Effect of residual kidney function and dialysis adequacy on chronic pruritus in dialysis patients

• Published in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation Vol. 38; no. 6; pp. 1508 - 1518
• Main Authors: Lengton, Robin, van der Willik, Esmee M, de Rooij, Esther N M, Meuleman, Yvette, Le Cessie, Saskia, Michels, Wieneke M, Hemmelder, Marc, Dekker, Friedo W, Hoogeveen, Ellen K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 31.05.2023
• Subjects: Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic - complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Original; Phosphates; Pruritus - epidemiology; Pruritus - etiology; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis - adverse effects; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - therapy; dialysis; pruritus; dialysis adequacy; residual kidney function; itching
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac341
• ISSN: 0931-0509

ABSTRACT Background Chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is common in dialysis patients, and is associated with lower quality of life and increased risk of death. We investigated the association between residual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dialysis adequacy or serum phosphate level and CKD-aP in incident dialysis patients. Methods A total of 1256 incident hemodialysis (HD) and 670 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (>18 years) from the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) study were included (1997–2007) and followed until death, transplantation or a maximum of 10 years. CKD-aP was measured using a single item of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument-36. The associations were studied by logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results At baseline mean (standard deviation) age was 60 (16) years, 62% were men and median (interquartile range) residual eGFR was 3.4 (1.7; 5.3) mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of CKD-aP (∼70%) was similar in HD and PD. It was observed that 12 months after starting dialysis (after multivariable adjustment) each 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher residual eGFR, one unit higher total weekly Kt/V, or 1 mmol/L lower serum phosphate level was associated with lower burden of CKD-aP in HD and PD patients of –0.05 (95% CI –0.09; –0.02) and –0.09 (95% CI –0.13; –0.05), –0.15 (95% CI –0.26; –0.05) and –0.35 (95% CI –0.54; –0.16), and of –0.34 (95%CI: –0.51; –0.17) and –0.45 (95%CI: –0.71; –0.19), respectively. We found no association between dialysis Kt/V and CKD-aP. Conclusions Higher residual eGFR and lower serum phosphate level, but not the dialysis dose, were related with lower burden of CKD-aP in dialysis patients. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract