Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp ( Cyprinus carpio)
The sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of TBT and PCB was evaluated under laboratory conditions. And concluded, mixed exposures were partially more or less toxic than single ones. Xenobiotic stress led to both decreased mean daily swimming speed an...
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Published in | Aquatic toxicology Vol. 71; no. 1; pp. 49 - 59 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
18.01.2005
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | The sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of TBT and PCB was evaluated under laboratory conditions. And concluded, mixed exposures were partially more or less toxic than single ones. Xenobiotic stress led to both decreased mean daily swimming speed and an increased mean swimming speed during darkness. Also a decreased preferred swimming depth (nearer to the surface) during nighttime was observed. We found approximately synergistic effects of TBT and PCB in swimming behavior of carp exposed to those mixtures. PCB did not affect the body growth significantly, TBT-stress led to a decreased body growth and the exposure to PCB–TBT mixture caused an approximately additive decrease of body growth. Measurement of biotransformation potential measured as GST enzyme activity showed both increasing or decreasing activity levels after exposure to single and mixture chemical combinations (approximately additive, antagonistic and synergistic). Nevertheless, we had to conclude that all methods tested were useful to screen subacute effects of single as well as mixed xenobiotic chemicals on carp, which is the prerequisite for an investigation of samples taken from the environment. |
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AbstractList | Carp were exposed to Aroclor 1254 and/or tributyltin (TBT) to determine response to chronic stress. Exposure to TBT alone significantly reduced growth, and the effect of the mixture on growth was additive. Swimming speed decreased during daylight, and decreased during darkness, with depth also reduced significantly during darkness among fish exposed to TBT alone. The behavior of fish exposed to the combined substances was considered to be nearly synergistic. All fish had detectable microsomal and soluble glutathione-S-transferase (mGST and sGST, respectively) and exposure to either substance or the combination affected enzyme activity. Activities in gill and liver differed, as did activities for the exposure groups, and included antagonistic, additive, and synergistic effects. The sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of TBT and PCB was evaluated under laboratory conditions. And concluded, mixed exposures were partially more or less toxic than single ones. Xenobiotic stress led to both decreased mean daily swimming speed and an increased mean swimming speed during darkness. Also a decreased preferred swimming depth (nearer to the surface) during nighttime was observed. We found approximately synergistic effects of TBT and PCB in swimming behavior of carp exposed to those mixtures. PCB did not affect the body growth significantly, TBT-stress led to a decreased body growth and the exposure to PCB-TBT mixture caused an approximately additive decrease of body growth. Measurement of biotransformation potential measured as GST enzyme activity showed both increasing or decreasing activity levels after exposure to single and mixture chemical combinations (approximately additive, antagonistic and synergistic). Nevertheless, we had to conclude that all methods tested were useful to screen subacute effects of single as well as mixed xenobiotic chemicals on carp, which is the prerequisite for an investigation of samples taken from the environment. |
Author | Steinberg, Christian E.W. Schmidt, Katja Pflugmacher, Stephan Staaks, Georg B.O. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Katja surname: Schmidt fullname: Schmidt, Katja email: schmidt@igb-berlin.de, katjaschmidt1@hotmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Georg B.O. surname: Staaks fullname: Staaks, Georg B.O. – sequence: 3 givenname: Stephan surname: Pflugmacher fullname: Pflugmacher, Stephan – sequence: 4 givenname: Christian E.W. surname: Steinberg fullname: Steinberg, Christian E.W. |
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Keywords | Synergistic effects Xenobiotic mixture Swimming behavior Biotransformation PCB TBT Ecotoxicology Growth Polychlorobiphenyl Freshwater environment Aquatic environment Vertebrata Organochlorine compounds Pisces Chlorine Organic compounds Cyprinus carpio Swimming Behavior Tin Organic compounds Organic stannane Organic compounds |
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Snippet | The sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of TBT and PCB was evaluated under laboratory conditions. And... Carp were exposed to Aroclor 1254 and/or tributyltin (TBT) to determine response to chronic stress. Exposure to TBT alone significantly reduced growth, and the... |
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SubjectTerms | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Behavior, Animal - drug effects Biological and medical sciences Biotransformation Biotransformation - drug effects Body Size - drug effects Carps - growth & development Carps - metabolism Carps - physiology Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) - toxicity Cyprinus carpio Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Gills - enzymology Glutathione Transferase - metabolism Liver - enzymology Microsomes, Liver - enzymology PCB Photoperiod Statistics, Nonparametric Swimming - physiology Swimming behavior Synergistic effects TBT Trialkyltin Compounds - toxicity Videotape Recording Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Xenobiotic mixture |
Title | Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp ( Cyprinus carpio) |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642631 https://search.proquest.com/docview/14724512 https://search.proquest.com/docview/20729426 |
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