The eye, the kidney, and cardiovascular disease: old concepts, better tools, and new horizons

• Published in: Kidney international Vol. 98; no. 2; pp. 323 - 342
• Main Authors: Farrah, Tariq E., Dhillon, Baljean, Keane, Pearse A., Webb, David J., Dhaun, Neeraj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; chronic kidney disease; Humans; hypertension; imaging; Kidney - diagnostic imaging; microcirculation; ocular; proteinuria; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnosis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Retinal Vessels; Tomography, Optical Coherence; chronic kidney disease; hypertension; imaging; microcirculation; proteinuria; ocular

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus acting as major risk factors for its development. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the most frequent end point of CKD. There is an urgent need for more precise methods to identify patien...