Antihistamines and azithromycin as a treatment for COVID-19 on primary health care – A retrospective observational study in elderly patients
Between March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively rep...
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| Published in | Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics Vol. 67; p. 101989 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2021
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| Abstract | Between March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively reported. The primary endpoint is the fatality rate of COVID-19. The secondary endpoints are the hospital and ICU admission rates. Endpoints were compared with the official Spanish rates for the elderly. The mean age of our population was 85 and 48% were over 80 years old. No hospital admissions, deaths, nor adverse drug effects were reported in our patient population. By the end of June, 100% of the residents had positive serology for COVID-19. Although clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of both drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, this analysis suggests that primary care diagnosis and treatment with antihistamines, plus azithromycin in selected cases, may treat COVID-19 and prevent progression to severe disease in elderly patients.
•Early treatment of COVID-19 in Primary Care with antihistamines and azithromycin.•Antihistamines may also be considered a prophylactic treatment for COVID-19.•Decrease in hospital admissions and fatality rate in elderly population.•Antihistamines may control the immune response and cytokine storm in COVID-19. |
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| AbstractList | Between March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively reported. The primary endpoint is the fatality rate of COVID-19. The secondary endpoints are the hospital and ICU admission rates. Endpoints were compared with the official Spanish rates for the elderly. The mean age of our population was 85 and 48% were over 80 years old. No hospital admissions, deaths, nor adverse drug effects were reported in our patient population. By the end of June, 100% of the residents had positive serology for COVID-19. Although clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of both drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, this analysis suggests that primary care diagnosis and treatment with antihistamines, plus azithromycin in selected cases, may treat COVID-19 and prevent progression to severe disease in elderly patients.
•Early treatment of COVID-19 in Primary Care with antihistamines and azithromycin.•Antihistamines may also be considered a prophylactic treatment for COVID-19.•Decrease in hospital admissions and fatality rate in elderly population.•Antihistamines may control the immune response and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Between March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively reported. The primary endpoint is the fatality rate of COVID-19. The secondary endpoints are the hospital and ICU admission rates. Endpoints were compared with the official Spanish rates for the elderly. The mean age of our population was 85 and 48% were over 80 years old. No hospital admissions, deaths, nor adverse drug effects were reported in our patient population. By the end of June, 100% of the residents had positive serology for COVID-19. Although clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of both drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, this analysis suggests that primary care diagnosis and treatment with antihistamines, plus azithromycin in selected cases, may treat COVID-19 and prevent progression to severe disease in elderly patients. BACKGROUNDBetween March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively reported. The primary endpoint is the fatality rate of COVID-19. The secondary endpoints are the hospital and ICU admission rates. Endpoints were compared with the official Spanish rates for the elderly. The mean age of our population was 85 and 48% were over 80 years old. No hospital admissions, deaths, nor adverse drug effects were reported in our patient population. By the end of June, 100% of the residents had positive serology for COVID-19. Although clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of both drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, this analysis suggests that primary care diagnosis and treatment with antihistamines, plus azithromycin in selected cases, may treat COVID-19 and prevent progression to severe disease in elderly patients. |
| ArticleNumber | 101989 |
| Author | Alvarenga Bonilla, Judith A. Villar Gómez de las Heras, Karina Homma, Sakae Suzuki, Kazuo Fremont-Smith, Philip Morán Blanco, Juan Ignacio |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juan Ignacio surname: Morán Blanco fullname: Morán Blanco, Juan Ignacio organization: Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Judith A. orcidid: 0000-0002-8292-0198 surname: Alvarenga Bonilla fullname: Alvarenga Bonilla, Judith A. organization: Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Sakae surname: Homma fullname: Homma, Sakae organization: Department of Advanced and Integrated Interstitial Lung Diseases Research, School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Kazuo surname: Suzuki fullname: Suzuki, Kazuo organization: Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, and Department of Health Protection, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Philip surname: Fremont-Smith fullname: Fremont-Smith, Philip organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Karina surname: Villar Gómez de las Heras fullname: Villar Gómez de las Heras, Karina email: kvillar@jccm.es organization: Delegación Provincial de la Consejería de Sanidad. Servicio de Salud Pública, C/ Río Guadalmena, 2, 45007, Toledo, Spain |
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| Keywords | Antihistamines SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Elderly Azithromycin |
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Therapeut. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.162149 contributor: fullname: Yamaya |
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| Snippet | Between March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with... BACKGROUNDBetween March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over Antihistamines Azithromycin Azithromycin - therapeutic use Coronavirus COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - virology COVID-19 Drug Treatment Elderly Female Histamine Antagonists - therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Primary Health Care Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification Spain - epidemiology Treatment Outcome |
| Title | Antihistamines and azithromycin as a treatment for COVID-19 on primary health care – A retrospective observational study in elderly patients |
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