Indirect desalination of Red Sea water with forward osmosis and low pressure reverse osmosis for water reuse

• Published in: Desalination Vol. 280; no. 1; pp. 160 - 166
• Main Authors: Yangali-Quintanilla, Victor, Li, Zhenyu, Valladares, Rodrigo, Li, Qingyu, Amy, Gary
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 03.10.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: air; Applied sciences; Chemical engineering; Cleaning; cost analysis; Costs; Desalination; Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination; energy; Exact sciences and technology; Flux; Forward osmosis; Fouling; General purification processes; long term experiments; Marine; Membrane separation (reverse osmosis, dialysis...); Membranes; Natural water pollution; Osmosis; Pollution; Red Sea; Reverse osmosis; seawater; Seawaters, estuaries; wastewater; Wastewaters; water quality; Water reuse; Water treatment and pollution; Red Sea; ISW, Red Sea; Cleaning; Reverse osmosis; Fouling; Forward osmosis; Desalination; Water reuse; Reuse; Extract; Long term; Waste water; Membrane separation; Cost analysis; Seawater

The use of energy still remains the main component of the costs of desalting water. Forward osmosis (FO) can help to reduce the costs of desalination, and extracting water from impaired sources can be beneficial in this regard. Experiments with FO membranes using a secondary wastewater effluent as a...