Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics
Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites sub...
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| Published in | Polymers Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 2138 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
29.04.2023
MDPI |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2073-4360 2073-4360 |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym15092138 |
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| Abstract | Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater. |
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| AbstractList | Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater. Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater.Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Karbhari, Vistasp M. Hong, SoonKook Acharya, Rabina |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76006, USA 1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76006, USA 3 Department of Mechanical and Naval Architectural Engineering, Naval Academy, Changwon City 440-746, Republic of Korea |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37177286$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | diffusion thermal aging deterioration seawater relaxation carbon/epoxy composite hygrothermal |
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| SubjectTerms | Aging Analysis Carbon Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Carbon-epoxy composites Curing Design Electrolytes Epoxy matrix composites Epoxy resins Fiber composites Fiber reinforced polymers High temperature Hydrogen bonds Kinetics Moisture effects Polymers Sea-water Seawater Submerging Transition points |
| Title | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
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