The Cool Farm Biodiversity metric: An evidence-based online tool to report and improve management of biodiversity at farm scale

Halting biodiversity loss and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex interplay between them. Agriculture drives biodiversity loss, but biodiversity provides benefits to agriculture. There is substantial potential to d...

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Published in	Ecological indicators Vol. 161; p. 111897
Main Authors	Crowther, Liam P., Luke, Sarah H., Arellano, Eduardo C., McCormack, Caitlin G., Ferreira, Vinina, Hillier, Jonathan, Heathcote, Richard, Kloen, Henk, Muñoz-Sáez, Andrés, Oliveira-Rebouças, Patricia, Oliveira da Silva, Fabiana, Rojas-Arévalo, Nadia, Zielonka, Natalia, Dicks, Lynn V.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2024 Elsevier
Subjects	agricultural land Agriculture biodiversity computer software ecosystems Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Expert judgement farm management Farming farms Food production food security Food system Nature Nature-positive people Stakeholders Sustainability reporting sustainable development temperate forests Wildlife Nature Nature-positive Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Wildlife Food system Agriculture Food production Sustainability reporting Expert judgement Stakeholders Farming
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Abstract	Halting biodiversity loss and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex interplay between them. Agriculture drives biodiversity loss, but biodiversity provides benefits to agriculture. There is substantial potential to develop ‘win-win’ solutions for biodiversity and people within productive farmland, by boosting wildlife that can be supported, whilst maintaining yield and other services. To achieve this, farmers need to be able to assess the impacts of their management on biodiversity at farm scale. While suitable tools exist to drive improvement in biodiversity management, none incorporates evidence on the effectiveness of specific management practices. In this study we present the Cool Farm Biodiversity metric, which generates a farm-scale action-based biodiversity management assessment, scored using expert judgements and expert assessment of experimental evidence. The metric is designed to be biome-specific, so it responds to conservation aims, ecosystem processes and farming systems in particular biomes. To demonstrate that the metric is responsive to changes in farm management, we present an example of use on a large arable farm from the temperate forest biome.
AbstractList	Halting biodiversity loss and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex interplay between them. Agriculture drives biodiversity loss, but biodiversity provides benefits to agriculture. There is substantial potential to develop ‘win-win’ solutions for biodiversity and people within productive farmland, by boosting wildlife that can be supported, whilst maintaining yield and other services. To achieve this, farmers need to be able to assess the impacts of their management on biodiversity at farm scale. While suitable tools exist to drive improvement in biodiversity management, none incorporates evidence on the effectiveness of specific management practices. In this study we present the Cool Farm Biodiversity metric, which generates a farm-scale action-based biodiversity management assessment, scored using expert judgements and expert assessment of experimental evidence. The metric is designed to be biome-specific, so it responds to conservation aims, ecosystem processes and farming systems in particular biomes. To demonstrate that the metric is responsive to changes in farm management, we present an example of use on a large arable farm from the temperate forest biome. Halting biodiversity losses and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex interplay between them. Agriculture drives biodiversity loss, but biodiversity provides benefits to agriculture. There is substantial potential to develop 'win-win' solutions for biodiversity and people within productive farmland, by boosting wildlife that can be supported, whilst maintaining yield and other services. To achieve this, farmers need to be able to assess the impacts of their management on biodiversity at farm scale. While suitable tools exist to drive improvement in biodiversity management, none incorporates evidence on the effectiveness of specific management practices. In this study we present the Cool Farm Biodiversity metric, which generates a farm-scale action-based biodiversity management assessment, scored using expert judgements and expert assessment of experimental evidence. The metric is designed to be biome-specific, so it responds to conservation aims, ecosystem processes and farming systems in particular biomes. To demonstrate that the metric is responsive to changes in farm management, we present an example of use on a large arable farm from the temperate forest biome.
ArticleNumber	111897
Author	Hillier, Jonathan Kloen, Henk Zielonka, Natalia McCormack, Caitlin G. Ferreira, Vinina Rojas-Arévalo, Nadia Heathcote, Richard Muñoz-Sáez, Andrés Oliveira da Silva, Fabiana Dicks, Lynn V. Arellano, Eduardo C. Luke, Sarah H. Oliveira-Rebouças, Patricia Crowther, Liam P.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Liam P. surname: Crowther fullname: Crowther, Liam P. organization: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Sarah H. surname: Luke fullname: Luke, Sarah H. organization: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Eduardo C. surname: Arellano fullname: Arellano, Eduardo C. organization: Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales & Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7830436, Chile – sequence: 4 givenname: Caitlin G. surname: McCormack fullname: McCormack, Caitlin G. organization: 3Keel, Fenlock Court, Long Hanborough, Oxfordshire, OX29 8LN, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Vinina surname: Ferreira fullname: Ferreira, Vinina organization: Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, 56300-990, UNIVASF, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Jonathan surname: Hillier fullname: Hillier, Jonathan organization: University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Richard surname: Heathcote fullname: Heathcote, Richard organization: Independent researcher – sequence: 8 givenname: Henk surname: Kloen fullname: Kloen, Henk organization: Province of Gelderland – sequence: 9 givenname: Andrés surname: Muñoz-Sáez fullname: Muñoz-Sáez, Andrés organization: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Santiago 7820244, Chile – sequence: 10 givenname: Patricia surname: Oliveira-Rebouças fullname: Oliveira-Rebouças, Patricia organization: Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia - Campus III (UNEB) Juazeiro, 48904-711, Brazil – sequence: 11 givenname: Fabiana surname: Oliveira da Silva fullname: Oliveira da Silva, Fabiana organization: Universidade Federal de Sergipe, CEP49680-000 Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, Brazil/INCT-IN-TREE – sequence: 12 givenname: Nadia surname: Rojas-Arévalo fullname: Rojas-Arévalo, Nadia organization: Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales & Instituto para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7830436, Chile – sequence: 13 givenname: Natalia surname: Zielonka fullname: Zielonka, Natalia organization: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK – sequence: 14 givenname: Lynn V. orcidid: 0000-0002-8304-4468 surname: Dicks fullname: Dicks, Lynn V. email: lvd22@cam.ac.uk organization: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Snippet	Halting biodiversity loss and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex... Halting biodiversity losses and achieving food security are both aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but there is complex...
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SubjectTerms	agricultural land Agriculture biodiversity computer software ecosystems Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Expert judgement farm management Farming farms Food production food security Food system Nature Nature-positive people Stakeholders Sustainability reporting sustainable development temperate forests Wildlife
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Title	The Cool Farm Biodiversity metric: An evidence-based online tool to report and improve management of biodiversity at farm scale
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