Barely porous organic cages for hydrogen isotope separation
The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to corr...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 366; no. 6465; pp. 613 - 620 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Association for the Advancement of Science
01.11.2019
The American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram). |
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| AbstractList | The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram).The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram). The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram). Quantum sieves for hydrogen isotopesOne method for improving the efficiency of separation of hydrogen from deuterium (D) is to exploit kinetic quantum sieving with nanoporous solids. This method requires ultrafine pore apertures (around 3 angstroms), which usually leads to low pore volumes and low D2 adsorption capacities. Liu et al. used organic synthesis to tune the pore size of the internal cavities of organic cage molecules. A hybrid cocrystal contained both a small-pore cage that imparted high selectivity and a larger-pore cage that enabled high D2 uptake.Science, this issue p. 613The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram). One method for improving the efficiency of separation of hydrogen from deuterium (D) is to exploit kinetic quantum sieving with nanoporous solids. This method requires ultrafine pore apertures (around 3 angstroms), which usually leads to low pore volumes and low D 2 adsorption capacities. Liu et al. used organic synthesis to tune the pore size of the internal cavities of organic cage molecules. A hybrid cocrystal contained both a small-pore cage that imparted high selectivity and a larger-pore cage that enabled high D 2 uptake. Science , this issue p. 613 Cocrystals of modified molecular organic crystals can separate hydrogen from deuterium through kinetic quantum sieving. The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram). |
| Author | Ceriotti, Michele Balderas-Xicohténcatl, Rafael Cooper, Andrew I. Liu, Ming Schütz, Gisela Yang, Siyuan Kapil, Venkat Little, Marc A. Clowes, Rob Hirscher, Michael Ding, Lifeng Holden, Daniel L. Zhang, Linda He, Donglin Chong, Samantha Y. Chen, Linjiang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ming surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Ming – sequence: 2 givenname: Linda surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Linda – sequence: 3 givenname: Marc A. surname: Little fullname: Little, Marc A. – sequence: 4 givenname: Venkat surname: Kapil fullname: Kapil, Venkat – sequence: 5 givenname: Michele surname: Ceriotti fullname: Ceriotti, Michele – sequence: 6 givenname: Siyuan surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Siyuan – sequence: 7 givenname: Lifeng surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Lifeng – sequence: 8 givenname: Daniel L. surname: Holden fullname: Holden, Daniel L. – sequence: 9 givenname: Rafael surname: Balderas-Xicohténcatl fullname: Balderas-Xicohténcatl, Rafael – sequence: 10 givenname: Donglin surname: He fullname: He, Donglin – sequence: 11 givenname: Rob surname: Clowes fullname: Clowes, Rob – sequence: 12 givenname: Samantha Y. surname: Chong fullname: Chong, Samantha Y. – sequence: 13 givenname: Gisela surname: Schütz fullname: Schütz, Gisela – sequence: 14 givenname: Linjiang surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Linjiang – sequence: 15 givenname: Michael surname: Hirscher fullname: Hirscher, Michael – sequence: 16 givenname: Andrew I. surname: Cooper fullname: Cooper, Andrew I. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31672893$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient.... One method for improving the efficiency of separation of hydrogen from deuterium (D) is to exploit kinetic quantum sieving with nanoporous solids. This method... Quantum sieves for hydrogen isotopesOne method for improving the efficiency of separation of hydrogen from deuterium (D) is to exploit kinetic quantum sieving... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adsorption Apertures Cage molecules Cages Cavities Deuterium Hydrogen Hydrogen isotopes Isotope separation Isotopes Kinetics Nuclear fusion Pore size Porosity Selectivity Sieves Ultrafines |
| Title | Barely porous organic cages for hydrogen isotope separation |
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