Effect of Heating System Position on Vertical Distribution of Crop Temperature and Transpiration in Greenhouse Tomatoes
The presence of independently controllable heating systems enables local crop heating to influence the crop development. The position of the heating system also influences energy consumption. A simulation model was developed to predict the effects of the heating system on the vertical distribution o...
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Published in | Journal of agricultural engineering research Vol. 75; no. 1; pp. 57 - 64 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
Elsevier Science Ltd
01.01.2000
Academic Press |
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Abstract | The presence of independently controllable heating systems enables local crop heating to influence the crop development. The position of the heating system also influences energy consumption. A simulation model was developed to predict the effects of the heating system on the vertical distribution of crop temperature and transpiration in a greenhouse tomato crop. The model is based on physical transport processes (radiation, convection and latent heat transfer). The radiation exchange factors between heating pipes, crop layers, soil and roof were determined as a function of the vertical distribution of leaf area and position of the heating systems.
Experiments were performed to evaluate the model under a range of ambient nighttime conditions, including differences in leaf area index and position of the heating system and its temperature. Nighttime temperature differences in the tomato crop appeared to be small and the local effects on leaf temperature of the heating pipes, is rather limited. The energy requirement increases by 5–10% with overhead heating pipes.
The simulation model is well suited to predict crop temperature distribution as a function of the position and temperature, of the heating pipes, as well as the vertical distribution of crop evaporation. |
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AbstractList | The presence of independently controllable heating systems enables local crop heating to influence the crop development. The position of the heating system also influences energy consumption. A simulation model was developed to predict the effects of the heating system on the vertical distribution of crop temperature and transpiration in a greenhouse tomato crop. The model is based on physical transport processes (radiation, convection and latent heat transfer). The radiation exchange factors between heating pipes, crop layers, soil and roof were determined as a function of the vertical distribution of leaf area and position of the heating systems.
Experiments were performed to evaluate the model under a range of ambient nighttime conditions, including differences in leaf area index and position of the heating system and its temperature. Nighttime temperature differences in the tomato crop appeared to be small and the local effects on leaf temperature of the heating pipes, is rather limited. The energy requirement increases by 5–10% with overhead heating pipes.
The simulation model is well suited to predict crop temperature distribution as a function of the position and temperature, of the heating pipes, as well as the vertical distribution of crop evaporation. |
Author | Van de Braak, N.J. Bakker, J.C. Kempkes, F.L.K. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: F.L.K. surname: Kempkes fullname: Kempkes, F.L.K. – sequence: 2 givenname: N.J. surname: Van de Braak fullname: Van de Braak, N.J. – sequence: 3 givenname: J.C. surname: Bakker fullname: Bakker, J.C. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1080/00221589.1990.11516053 10.1080/01904169609365127 10.1016/0168-1699(88)90009-9 10.17660/ActaHortic.1978.76.10 10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.399.2 10.17660/ActaHortic.1981.119.13 10.1006/jaer.1995.1004 10.1016/0017-9310(94)90068-X 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90078-D 10.1006/jaer.1995.1050 |
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Keywords | Latent heat Temperature distribution Energy consumption Heating equipment Agricultural facility Protected cultivation Plant leaf Experimental study Leaf area Convection Transpiration Vegetable crop Dicotyledones Angiospermae Lycopersicon esculentum Spermatophyta Solanaceae Simulation model Greenhouse Solar radiation Heat transfer |
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References | Yang (RF19) 1995; 61 Winspear (RF18) 1978; 76 De Zwart (RF9) 1996 De Graaf, Van den Ende (RF6) 1981; 119 Bot, Van de Braak (RF5) 1995 Stanghellini (RF15) 1987 De Koning (RF7) 1994 Karlsson, Heins, Gerberick, Hackmann (RF12) 1991; 45 Research Station for Floriculture and Glasshouse Vegetables, 1998, Effecten van buisligging bij de teelt van tomaat (Effects of heating pipe position in greenhouse tomatoes), 98–134 Aikman, Houter (RF1) 1990; 65 Marcelis, De Koning (RF13) 1995 Gieling Th, Schurer (RF10) 1995 De Krey (RF8) 1996; 19 Aubinet, Deltour (RF2) 1993; 37 Bakker, Van den Bos, Arendzen, Spaans (RF4) 1988; 3 Bakker (RF3) 1995; 399 Ho (RF11) 1988 Van Holsteijn, Kempkes (RF16) 1992; 50 Vollebregt, Van de Braak (RF17) 1994; 60 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF14 De Graaf (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF6) 1981; 119 Marcelis (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF13) 1995 Stanghellini (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF15) 1987 Gieling Th (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF10) 1995 Karlsson (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF12) 1991; 45 Bakker (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF3) 1995; 399 Aubinet (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF2) 1993; 37 Bakker (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF4) 1988; 3 Ho (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF11) 1988 De Koning (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF7) 1994 Winspear (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF18) 1978; 76 Yang (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF19) 1995; 61 Aikman (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF1) 1990; 65 De Zwart (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF9) 1996 Van Holsteijn (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF16) 1992; 50 Vollebregt (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF17) 1994; 60 Bot (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF5) 1995 De Krey (10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF8) 1996; 19 |
References_xml | – volume: 65 start-page: 245 year: 1990 end-page: 253 ident: RF1 article-title: Influence of radiation and humidity on transpiration: implications for calcium levels in tomato leaves publication-title: Journal of Horticultural Science contributor: fullname: Houter – volume: 399 start-page: 25 year: 1995 end-page: 37 ident: RF3 article-title: Greenhouse climate control: constraints and limitations publication-title: Acta Horticulturae contributor: fullname: Bakker – volume: 45 start-page: 323 year: 1991 end-page: 331 ident: RF12 article-title: Temperature driven leaf unfolding rate in publication-title: Scientia Horticulturae contributor: fullname: Hackmann – volume: 61 start-page: 227 year: 1995 end-page: 238 ident: RF19 article-title: Greenhouse micrometeorology and estimation of heat and water vapour fluxes publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research contributor: fullname: Yang – start-page: 211 year: 1995 end-page: 223 ident: RF10 article-title: Sensors and measurement publication-title: Greenhouse Climate Control: An Integrated Approach contributor: fullname: Schurer – volume: 76 start-page: 97 year: 1978 end-page: 103 ident: RF18 article-title: Vertical temperature gradients and greenhouse energy economy publication-title: Acta Horticulturae contributor: fullname: Winspear – year: 1996 ident: RF9 publication-title: Analyzing energy saving options in greenhouse cultivation using a simulation model contributor: fullname: De Zwart – start-page: 125 year: 1995 end-page: 134 ident: RF5 article-title: Transport phenomena publication-title: Greenhouse Climate Control: An Integrated Approach contributor: fullname: Van de Braak – year: 1987 ident: RF15 publication-title: Transpiration of greenhouse crops, an aid to climate management contributor: fullname: Stanghellini – volume: 119 start-page: 147 year: 1981 end-page: 158 ident: RF6 article-title: Transpiration and evaporation of the glasshouse crops publication-title: Acta Horticulturae contributor: fullname: Van den Ende – year: 1994 ident: RF7 publication-title: Development and dry matter distribution in glasshouse tomato: a quantitative approach contributor: fullname: De Koning – start-page: 71 year: 1988 end-page: 80 ident: RF11 article-title: Effects of high humidity and high salinity on calcium distribution in tomato plants publication-title: The Effects of High Humidity on Plant Growth in Energy Saving Greenhouses contributor: fullname: Ho – volume: 60 start-page: 99 year: 1994 end-page: 106 ident: RF17 article-title: Analysis of radiative and convective heat exchange at greenhouse walls publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research contributor: fullname: Van de Braak – volume: 19 start-page: 361 year: 1996 end-page: 377 ident: RF8 article-title: Interactive effects of air humidity, calcium and phosphate on blossom-end rot, leaf deformation. Production and nutrient contents of tomato publication-title: Journal of Plant Nutrition contributor: fullname: De Krey – volume: 3 start-page: 1 year: 1988 end-page: 9 ident: RF4 article-title: A distributed system for glasshouse climate control, data acquisition and analysis publication-title: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture contributor: fullname: Spaans – volume: 50 start-page: 28 year: 1992 end-page: 29 ident: RF16 article-title: Hoogte buis beı̈nvloedt temperatuurverdeling (Height of heating pipe influences temperature distribution) publication-title: Groenten+Fruit/Glasgroenten contributor: fullname: Kempkes – volume: 37 start-page: 1795 year: 1993 end-page: 1806 ident: RF2 article-title: Natural convection above line heat sources in greenhouse canopies publication-title: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer contributor: fullname: Deltour – start-page: 84 year: 1995 end-page: 92 ident: RF13 article-title: Biomass partitioning in plants publication-title: Greenhouse Climate Control: An Integrated Approach contributor: fullname: De Koning – volume: 65 start-page: 245 year: 1990 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF1 article-title: Influence of radiation and humidity on transpiration: implications for calcium levels in tomato leaves publication-title: Journal of Horticultural Science doi: 10.1080/00221589.1990.11516053 contributor: fullname: Aikman – volume: 19 start-page: 361 year: 1996 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF8 article-title: Interactive effects of air humidity, calcium and phosphate on blossom-end rot, leaf deformation. Production and nutrient contents of tomato publication-title: Journal of Plant Nutrition doi: 10.1080/01904169609365127 contributor: fullname: De Krey – start-page: 125 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF5 article-title: Transport phenomena contributor: fullname: Bot – volume: 3 start-page: 1 year: 1988 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF4 article-title: A distributed system for glasshouse climate control, data acquisition and analysis publication-title: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture doi: 10.1016/0168-1699(88)90009-9 contributor: fullname: Bakker – year: 1987 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF15 contributor: fullname: Stanghellini – volume: 76 start-page: 97 year: 1978 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF18 article-title: Vertical temperature gradients and greenhouse energy economy publication-title: Acta Horticulturae doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1978.76.10 contributor: fullname: Winspear – start-page: 84 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF13 article-title: Biomass partitioning in plants contributor: fullname: Marcelis – ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF14 – volume: 50 start-page: 28 year: 1992 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF16 article-title: Hoogte buis beı̈nvloedt temperatuurverdeling (Height of heating pipe influences temperature distribution) publication-title: Groenten+Fruit/Glasgroenten contributor: fullname: Van Holsteijn – volume: 399 start-page: 25 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF3 article-title: Greenhouse climate control: constraints and limitations publication-title: Acta Horticulturae doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.399.2 contributor: fullname: Bakker – volume: 119 start-page: 147 year: 1981 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF6 article-title: Transpiration and evaporation of the glasshouse crops publication-title: Acta Horticulturae doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1981.119.13 contributor: fullname: De Graaf – start-page: 211 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF10 article-title: Sensors and measurement contributor: fullname: Gieling Th – volume: 60 start-page: 99 year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF17 article-title: Analysis of radiative and convective heat exchange at greenhouse walls publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research doi: 10.1006/jaer.1995.1004 contributor: fullname: Vollebregt – volume: 37 start-page: 1795 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF2 article-title: Natural convection above line heat sources in greenhouse canopies publication-title: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer doi: 10.1016/0017-9310(94)90068-X contributor: fullname: Aubinet – year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF7 contributor: fullname: De Koning – start-page: 71 year: 1988 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF11 article-title: Effects of high humidity and high salinity on calcium distribution in tomato plants contributor: fullname: Ho – volume: 45 start-page: 323 year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF12 article-title: Temperature driven leaf unfolding rate in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis publication-title: Scientia Horticulturae doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90078-D contributor: fullname: Karlsson – volume: 61 start-page: 227 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF19 article-title: Greenhouse micrometeorology and estimation of heat and water vapour fluxes publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research doi: 10.1006/jaer.1995.1050 contributor: fullname: Yang – year: 1996 ident: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0485_RF9 contributor: fullname: De Zwart |
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SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences CALENTAMIENTO CHAUFFAGE CONSOMMATION D'ENERGIE CONSUMO DE ENERGIA CONVECCION CONVECTION ECHANGE THERMIQUE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY REQUIREMENTS EVAPORACION EVAPORATION Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production GREENHOUSES HEAT TRANSFER HEATING HEATING SYSTEMS Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Instituut voor Mechanisatie, Arbeid en Gebouwen INVERNADEROS LATENT HEAT LEAF AREA LYCOPERSICON MODELE DE SIMULATION MODELOS DE SIMULACION PIPES Protected cultivation SERRE SIMULATION MODELS Soilless cultures. Protected cultivation SUPERFICIE FOLIAR SURFACE FOLIAIRE TEMPERATURA TEMPERATURE TRANSFERENCIA TERMICA TRANSPIRACION TRANSPIRATION TUBERIA TUYAU |
Title | Effect of Heating System Position on Vertical Distribution of Crop Temperature and Transpiration in Greenhouse Tomatoes |
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