Determination of manganese valence states in (Mn3+, Mn4+) minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

• Published in: The American mineralogist Vol. 95; no. 11-12; pp. 1741 - 1746
• Main Authors: Zhang, Shouliang, Livi, Kenneth J. T, Gaillot, Anne-Claire, Stone, Alan T, Veblen, David R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington Mineralogical Society of America 01.11.2010; De Gruyter; Walter de Gruyter GmbH
• Subjects: Condensed Matter; cryptomelane; EELS; electron energy loss near-edge spectra; Electrons; Energy loss; Manganese; Manganese compounds; manganese minerals; Manganese oxides; Materials Science; metals; Mineralogy; Minerals; nonsilicates; Normal distribution; oxides; Oxygen; Physics; spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; valence determination; valency

Various manganese valence quantification methods using manganese L2,3 and oxygen K electron energy loss near-edge spectra (ELNES) were applied to determine the relative portions of individual valence state in a mixed (Mn3+, Mn4+) valence system. Multiple linear least-squares (MLLS) fitting of Mn L2,...