Different cortex activation between young and middle-aged people during different type problem-solving: An EEG&fNIRS study

•Aging has an impact on problem-solving ability.•DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC, and Wernicke have different activation during problem-solving.•There were significant differences in alpha band power during problem-solving.•The correlation results showed a positive between HbO and alpha band power.•Alpha power...

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Published inNeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 308; p. 121062
Main Authors Saricaoglu, Mevhibe, Yücel, Meryem Ayşe, Budak, Miray, Omurtag, Ahmet, Hanoglu, Lutfu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2025
Elsevier Limited
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Abstract •Aging has an impact on problem-solving ability.•DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC, and Wernicke have different activation during problem-solving.•There were significant differences in alpha band power during problem-solving.•The correlation results showed a positive between HbO and alpha band power.•Alpha power and HbO exhibit changes in the problem-solving process as aging. Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO), alpha frequency power, and their interrelation during problem-solving in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, employing combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings. The study included 39 young and 30 middle-aged subjects. The brain activation that occurred while answering different questions was recorded using combined EEG and fNIRS. During the EEG & fNIRS recording, four questions (arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation) were used for problem-solving. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) and HbO changes were analyzed. The behavioral results indicated significant differences between age groups in various question types. While the middle-aged group performed better on the general knowledge questions, the older group performed better on the insight and four-process questions. The fNIRS results reveal significant differences in brain activation during problem-solving tasks, particularly in regions like DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC/Wernicke, and STG/angular gyrus Wernicke's area. The young group with the highest HbO was recorded during arithmetic questions, general knowledge questions, and basic operation questions. In contrast, there was no significant highest HbO during insight questions. Similar findings were observed in the middle-aged group, with the highest HbO recorded during general knowledge questions. However, there was no significant HbO in other channels during the solving of other question types in this group. The alpha power varied across different electrodes for various question types in both young and middle-aged groups. The highest alpha frequency band power for different electrodes was recorded while solving general knowledge questions in the young group and insight questions in the middle-aged group. Finally, the EEG and fNIRS correlation results showed positive correlations between HbO and alpha frequency band power in specific brain regions while solving general knowledge questions, particularly in the middle-aged group. The study reveals age-related differences in behavioral performance, brain activation patterns, and neural correlates during various cognitive tasks, showcasing distinct strengths between middle-aged and young individuals in specific question types.
AbstractList Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO), alpha frequency power, and their interrelation during problem-solving in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, employing combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings. The study included 39 young and 30 middle-aged subjects. The brain activation that occurred while answering different questions was recorded using combined EEG and fNIRS. During the EEG & fNIRS recording, four questions (arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation) were used for problem-solving. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) and HbO changes were analyzed. The behavioral results indicated significant differences between age groups in various question types. While the middle-aged group performed better on the general knowledge questions, the older group performed better on the insight and four-process questions. The fNIRS results reveal significant differences in brain activation during problem-solving tasks, particularly in regions like DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC/Wernicke, and STG/angular gyrus Wernicke's area. The young group with the highest HbO was recorded during arithmetic questions, general knowledge questions, and basic operation questions. In contrast, there was no significant highest HbO during insight questions. Similar findings were observed in the middle-aged group, with the highest HbO recorded during general knowledge questions. However, there was no significant HbO in other channels during the solving of other question types in this group. The alpha power varied across different electrodes for various question types in both young and middle-aged groups. The highest alpha frequency band power for different electrodes was recorded while solving general knowledge questions in the young group and insight questions in the middle-aged group. Finally, the EEG and fNIRS correlation results showed positive correlations between HbO and alpha frequency band power in specific brain regions while solving general knowledge questions, particularly in the middle-aged group. The study reveals age-related differences in behavioral performance, brain activation patterns, and neural correlates during various cognitive tasks, showcasing distinct strengths between middle-aged and young individuals in specific question types.
•Aging has an impact on problem-solving ability.•DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC, and Wernicke have different activation during problem-solving.•There were significant differences in alpha band power during problem-solving.•The correlation results showed a positive between HbO and alpha band power.•Alpha power and HbO exhibit changes in the problem-solving process as aging. Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO), alpha frequency power, and their interrelation during problem-solving in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, employing combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings. The study included 39 young and 30 middle-aged subjects. The brain activation that occurred while answering different questions was recorded using combined EEG and fNIRS. During the EEG & fNIRS recording, four questions (arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation) were used for problem-solving. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) and HbO changes were analyzed. The behavioral results indicated significant differences between age groups in various question types. While the middle-aged group performed better on the general knowledge questions, the older group performed better on the insight and four-process questions. The fNIRS results reveal significant differences in brain activation during problem-solving tasks, particularly in regions like DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC/Wernicke, and STG/angular gyrus Wernicke's area. The young group with the highest HbO was recorded during arithmetic questions, general knowledge questions, and basic operation questions. In contrast, there was no significant highest HbO during insight questions. Similar findings were observed in the middle-aged group, with the highest HbO recorded during general knowledge questions. However, there was no significant HbO in other channels during the solving of other question types in this group. The alpha power varied across different electrodes for various question types in both young and middle-aged groups. The highest alpha frequency band power for different electrodes was recorded while solving general knowledge questions in the young group and insight questions in the middle-aged group. Finally, the EEG and fNIRS correlation results showed positive correlations between HbO and alpha frequency band power in specific brain regions while solving general knowledge questions, particularly in the middle-aged group. The study reveals age-related differences in behavioral performance, brain activation patterns, and neural correlates during various cognitive tasks, showcasing distinct strengths between middle-aged and young individuals in specific question types.
Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO), alpha frequency power, and their interrelation during problem-solving in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, employing combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings. The study included 39 young and 30 middle-aged subjects. The brain activation that occurred while answering different questions was recorded using combined EEG and fNIRS. During the EEG & fNIRS recording, four questions (arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation) were used for problem-solving. Alpha power (8-13 Hz) and HbO changes were analyzed. The behavioral results indicated significant differences between age groups in various question types. While the middle-aged group performed better on the general knowledge questions, the older group performed better on the insight and four-process questions. The fNIRS results reveal significant differences in brain activation during problem-solving tasks, particularly in regions like DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC/Wernicke, and STG/angular gyrus Wernicke's area. The young group with the highest HbO was recorded during arithmetic questions, general knowledge questions, and basic operation questions. In contrast, there was no significant highest HbO during insight questions. Similar findings were observed in the middle-aged group, with the highest HbO recorded during general knowledge questions. However, there was no significant HbO in other channels during the solving of other question types in this group. The alpha power varied across different electrodes for various question types in both young and middle-aged groups. The highest alpha frequency band power for different electrodes was recorded while solving general knowledge questions in the young group and insight questions in the middle-aged group. Finally, the EEG and fNIRS correlation results showed positive correlations between HbO and alpha frequency band power in specific brain regions while solving general knowledge questions, particularly in the middle-aged group. The study reveals age-related differences in behavioral performance, brain activation patterns, and neural correlates during various cognitive tasks, showcasing distinct strengths between middle-aged and young individuals in specific question types.Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO), alpha frequency power, and their interrelation during problem-solving in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, employing combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings. The study included 39 young and 30 middle-aged subjects. The brain activation that occurred while answering different questions was recorded using combined EEG and fNIRS. During the EEG & fNIRS recording, four questions (arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation) were used for problem-solving. Alpha power (8-13 Hz) and HbO changes were analyzed. The behavioral results indicated significant differences between age groups in various question types. While the middle-aged group performed better on the general knowledge questions, the older group performed better on the insight and four-process questions. The fNIRS results reveal significant differences in brain activation during problem-solving tasks, particularly in regions like DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC/Wernicke, and STG/angular gyrus Wernicke's area. The young group with the highest HbO was recorded during arithmetic questions, general knowledge questions, and basic operation questions. In contrast, there was no significant highest HbO during insight questions. Similar findings were observed in the middle-aged group, with the highest HbO recorded during general knowledge questions. However, there was no significant HbO in other channels during the solving of other question types in this group. The alpha power varied across different electrodes for various question types in both young and middle-aged groups. The highest alpha frequency band power for different electrodes was recorded while solving general knowledge questions in the young group and insight questions in the middle-aged group. Finally, the EEG and fNIRS correlation results showed positive correlations between HbO and alpha frequency band power in specific brain regions while solving general knowledge questions, particularly in the middle-aged group. The study reveals age-related differences in behavioral performance, brain activation patterns, and neural correlates during various cognitive tasks, showcasing distinct strengths between middle-aged and young individuals in specific question types.
ArticleNumber 121062
Author Omurtag, Ahmet
Yücel, Meryem Ayşe
Hanoglu, Lutfu
Budak, Miray
Saricaoglu, Mevhibe
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  fullname: Yücel, Meryem Ayşe
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Keywords Aging
Alpha
fNIRS
HbO
Problem-solving
EEG
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PublicationDate March 2025
2025-03-00
2025-Mar
20250301
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2025
  text: March 2025
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: Amsterdam
PublicationTitle NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)
PublicationTitleAlternate Neuroimage
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Elsevier Limited
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
– name: Elsevier Limited
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Snippet •Aging has an impact on problem-solving ability.•DLPFC/TA, STG, pSSC, and Wernicke have different activation during problem-solving.•There were significant...
Problem-solving strategies vary depending on the type of problem and aging. This study investigated the hemodynamic response measured by the changes in the...
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StartPage 121062
SubjectTerms Adult
Aging
Aging - physiology
Alpha
Brain
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
EEG
Electrodes
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography - methods
Female
fNIRS
HbO
Hemodynamics
Humans
Infrared spectroscopy
Male
Metabolism
Middle age
Middle Aged
Older people
Problem solving
Problem Solving - physiology
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods
Wernicke's area
Young Adult
Young adults
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Title Different cortex activation between young and middle-aged people during different type problem-solving: An EEG&fNIRS study
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