Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with 'Temple Stay' Participants
Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants ( = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day perio...
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| Published in | Toxics (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 3 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants (
= 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population. |
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| AbstractList | Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants (
= 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population. Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants (n = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population. Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants ( n = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population. |
| Author | Kho, Younglim Jo, Areum Choi, Kyungho Kim, Sunmi Ji, Kyunghee |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea; kyungheeji@yongin.ac.kr 5 School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea; ylkho@eulji.ac.kr 2 Accident Prevention and Assessment Division II, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 34111, Korea 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; jojo721@korea.kr (A.J.); sonmilove@gmail.com (S.K.) 3 Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Accident Prevention and Assessment Division II, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 34111, Korea – name: 5 School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea; ylkho@eulji.ac.kr – name: 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; jojo721@korea.kr (A.J.); sonmilove@gmail.com (S.K.) – name: 3 Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea – name: 4 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea; kyungheeji@yongin.ac.kr |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Areum surname: Jo fullname: Jo, Areum organization: Accident Prevention and Assessment Division II, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 34111, Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Sunmi surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sunmi organization: Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Kyunghee orcidid: 0000-0001-8123-7445 surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Kyunghee organization: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Younglim surname: Kho fullname: Kho, Younglim organization: School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Kyungho surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Kyungho organization: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2020_105877 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics12020126 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2021_111548 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2021_113781 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19020626 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_157761 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2021_113798 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18094444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2020_115990 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2022_107576 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2020_106227 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40572_023_00394_8 |
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| Keywords | temple stay exposure source parabens Korea dietary intervention |
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