Immunogenicity of Toxins during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for imm...
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| Published in | Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 61 - 68 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
The University of Chicago Press
01.01.2010
University of Chicago Press Oxford University Press |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 1537-6591 1537-6591 |
| DOI | 10.1086/648673 |
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| Abstract | Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. Results IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, ghemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P <.05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P < .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P < .05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.2). Conclusions Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. |
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| AbstractList | Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. Results IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, ghemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P <.05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P < .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P < .05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.2). Conclusions Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated.BACKGROUNDToxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated.Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates.METHODSSerum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates.IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, gamma hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P< .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2).RESULTSIgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, gamma hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P< .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2).Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis.CONCLUSIONSMany toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. Results IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, ghemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P <.05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P < .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P < .05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2). Conclusions Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Background. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods. Serum samples from 206 S. aureus–infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction–defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. Results. IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, γ hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus–infected patients than in control subjects (P<.05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus–infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin–1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P<.05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV–positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV–negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.2). Conclusions. Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Background. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Methods. Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. Results. IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, g hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocldln (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SEIM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SEIQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P < .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P < .05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P < .05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremla was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint Infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2). Conclusions. Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, gamma hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P< .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2). Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated. Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates. IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, ... hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (< ). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (< ). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; <) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; <) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2). Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) |
| Author | Vandenesch, Francçois Boubekri, Ilhem Hooijkaas, Herbert Tazir, Mohamed Lina, Gerard Etienne, Jerome Antri, Kenza de Vogel, Corné P. Verkaik, Nelianne J. Dauwalder, Olivier Verbrugh, Henri A. Badiou, Cédric Ramdani-Bouguessa, Nadjia van Belkum, Alex Bes, Michèle van Wamel, Willem J.B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nelianne J. surname: Verkaik fullname: Verkaik, Nelianne J. email: n.j.verkaik@erasmusmc.nl organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Olivier surname: Dauwalder fullname: Dauwalder, Olivier organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 3 givenname: Kenza surname: Antri fullname: Antri, Kenza organization: Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria – sequence: 4 givenname: Ilhem surname: Boubekri fullname: Boubekri, Ilhem organization: Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria – sequence: 5 givenname: Corné P. surname: de Vogel fullname: de Vogel, Corné P. organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Cédric surname: Badiou fullname: Badiou, Cédric organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 7 givenname: Michèle surname: Bes fullname: Bes, Michèle organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 8 givenname: Francçois surname: Vandenesch fullname: Vandenesch, Francçois organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 9 givenname: Mohamed surname: Tazir fullname: Tazir, Mohamed organization: Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria – sequence: 10 givenname: Herbert surname: Hooijkaas fullname: Hooijkaas, Herbert organization: Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 11 givenname: Henri A. surname: Verbrugh fullname: Verbrugh, Henri A. organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 12 givenname: Alex surname: van Belkum fullname: van Belkum, Alex organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 13 givenname: Jerome surname: Etienne fullname: Etienne, Jerome organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 14 givenname: Gerard surname: Lina fullname: Lina, Gerard organization: Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France – sequence: 15 givenname: Nadjia surname: Ramdani-Bouguessa fullname: Ramdani-Bouguessa, Nadjia organization: Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria – sequence: 16 givenname: Willem J.B. surname: van Wamel fullname: van Wamel, Willem J.B. organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2009 Infectious Diseases Society of America 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2010 2015 INIST-CNRS Copyright University of Chicago, acting through its Press Jan 1, 2010 |
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| Keywords | Infection Toxin Immunogenicity Bacteriosis Bacteria Micrococcales Micrococcaceae Staphylococcal infection Staphylococcus aureus |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 |
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| PublicationTitle | Clinical infectious diseases |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Clinical Infectious Diseases |
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| Snippet | Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional... Background. Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional... Background Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional... Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies Antibodies, Bacterial - immunology ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Bacterial diseases Bacterial Toxins - genetics Bacterial Toxins - immunology Biological and medical sciences Bones Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Enterotoxins Female Fluorescence Genes Human bacterial diseases Humans Immune response Immunoglobulin G - immunology Immunoglobulins Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Infectious diseases Leukocidins Logistic Models Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Prevalence Reproducibility of Results Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Staphylococcus aureus - immunology Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Staphylococcus infections Statistics, Nonparametric Toxicity Toxins |
| Title | Immunogenicity of Toxins during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
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