White matter and cognition: making the connection
Whereas the cerebral cortex has long been regarded by neuroscientists as the major locus of cognitive function, the white matter of the brain is increasingly recognized as equally critical for cognition. White matter comprises half of the brain, has expanded more than gray matter in evolution, and f...
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| Published in | Journal of neurophysiology Vol. 116; no. 5; pp. 2093 - 2104 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Physiological Society
01.11.2016
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| Series | Glial Cells and Neuronal Signaling |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Whereas the cerebral cortex has long been regarded by neuroscientists as the major locus of cognitive function, the white matter of the brain is increasingly recognized as equally critical for cognition. White matter comprises half of the brain, has expanded more than gray matter in evolution, and forms an indispensable component of distributed neural networks that subserve neurobehavioral operations. White matter tracts mediate the essential connectivity by which human behavior is organized, working in concert with gray matter to enable the extraordinary repertoire of human cognitive capacities. In this review, we present evidence from behavioral neurology that white matter lesions regularly disturb cognition, consider the role of white matter in the physiology of distributed neural networks, develop the hypothesis that white matter dysfunction is relevant to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and the newly described entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and discuss emerging concepts regarding the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with white matter disorders. Investigation of the role of white matter in cognition has yielded many valuable insights and promises to expand understanding of normal brain structure and function, improve the treatment of many neurobehavioral disorders, and disclose new opportunities for research on many challenging problems facing medicine and society. |
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| AbstractList | Whereas the cerebral cortex has long been regarded by neuroscientists as the major locus of cognitive function, the white matter of the brain is increasingly recognized as equally critical for cognition. White matter comprises half of the brain, has expanded more than gray matter in evolution, and forms an indispensable component of distributed neural networks that subserve neurobehavioral operations. White matter tracts mediate the essential connectivity by which human behavior is organized, working in concert with gray matter to enable the extraordinary repertoire of human cognitive capacities. In this review, we present evidence from behavioral neurology that white matter lesions regularly disturb cognition, consider the role of white matter in the physiology of distributed neural networks, develop the hypothesis that white matter dysfunction is relevant to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and the newly described entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and discuss emerging concepts regarding the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with white matter disorders. Investigation of the role of white matter in cognition has yielded many valuable insights and promises to expand understanding of normal brain structure and function, improve the treatment of many neurobehavioral disorders, and disclose new opportunities for research on many challenging problems facing medicine and society. |
| Author | Filley, Christopher M. Fields, R. Douglas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christopher M. surname: Filley fullname: Filley, Christopher M. organization: Behavioral Neurology Section, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;, Denver Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; and – sequence: 2 givenname: R. Douglas surname: Fields fullname: Fields, R. Douglas organization: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27512019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | White matter and cognition: making the connection |
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