Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germany differ between regions

The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between aban...

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Published inBasic and applied ecology Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 126 - 136
Main Authors Socher, Stephanie A., Prati, Daniel, Boch, Steffen, Müller, Jörg, Baumbach, Henryk, Gockel, Sonja, Hemp, Andreas, Schöning, Ingo, Wells, Konstans, Buscot, François, Kalko, Elisabeth K.V., Linsenmair, Karl Eduard, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Fischer, Markus
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Munich Elsevier GmbH 01.03.2013
Elsevier
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Abstract The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (−15% plant species richness, −0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m2) and changed composition (−3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (−42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots when studying relationships between land use and plant diversity. Overall, our results show that great caution is necessary when extrapolating results and management recommendations to other regions. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Grasland-Nutzungstypen auf den Artenreichtum und die Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen (Kräuter, Leguminosen und Gräser) wurde bisher nur auf kleiner regionaler Skala oder nur mit wenigen Landnutzungtypen getestet. In einer vergleichenden Studie zeigen wir die Effekte von Verbrachung, Düngung, Mahd und Beweidung durch unterschiedlichen Tierbestand auf Artenreichtum und Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen auf 1514 Grasländern in drei unterschiedlichen Regionen in Nordost, Zentral und Südwest Deutschland. Zusätzlich wurden standortbedingte Umweltfaktoren wie Bodentypen und topographische Daten mit einbezogen. Gedüngte Graslandflächen hatten klar reduzierte Artendiversität (−15% Artenzahl, −0.1 Shannon Diversität auf gedüngten Flächen von 16m2) und veränderte Zusammensetzung (−3% Anteil an Kräutern), die Effekte der Beweidung waren am zweitgrößten und die der Mahd am kleinsten. Mahd mit mittlerer Intensität (2 Schnitte pro Jahr) und Schafbeweidung erhöhten die Artenzahl (+27%), während Rinderbeweidung die Artenzahl verringerte (−42%). Diese allgemeinen Muster wurden durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Landnutzungstypen und durch verschiedene regionale Kontexte moduliert: die Größe und teilweise sogar Richtung der Unterschiede zwischen Landnutzungstypen unterschied sich zwischen den Regionen. Das verdeutlicht die Bedeutung, verschiedene Regionen miteinander zu vergleichen und viele Untersuchungsflächen einzubeziehen, um verläßliche Aussagen über Beziehungen zwischen Landnutzung und Artendiversität machen zu können. Zusammenfassend ist also grosse Vorsicht geboten, wenn Ergebnisse und Nutzungsempfehlungen über Regionen hinweg verallgemeinert werden sollen.
AbstractList The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (−15% plant species richness, −0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m2) and changed composition (−3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (−42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots when studying relationships between land use and plant diversity. Overall, our results show that great caution is necessary when extrapolating results and management recommendations to other regions. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Grasland-Nutzungstypen auf den Artenreichtum und die Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen (Kräuter, Leguminosen und Gräser) wurde bisher nur auf kleiner regionaler Skala oder nur mit wenigen Landnutzungtypen getestet. In einer vergleichenden Studie zeigen wir die Effekte von Verbrachung, Düngung, Mahd und Beweidung durch unterschiedlichen Tierbestand auf Artenreichtum und Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen auf 1514 Grasländern in drei unterschiedlichen Regionen in Nordost, Zentral und Südwest Deutschland. Zusätzlich wurden standortbedingte Umweltfaktoren wie Bodentypen und topographische Daten mit einbezogen. Gedüngte Graslandflächen hatten klar reduzierte Artendiversität (−15% Artenzahl, −0.1 Shannon Diversität auf gedüngten Flächen von 16m2) und veränderte Zusammensetzung (−3% Anteil an Kräutern), die Effekte der Beweidung waren am zweitgrößten und die der Mahd am kleinsten. Mahd mit mittlerer Intensität (2 Schnitte pro Jahr) und Schafbeweidung erhöhten die Artenzahl (+27%), während Rinderbeweidung die Artenzahl verringerte (−42%). Diese allgemeinen Muster wurden durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Landnutzungstypen und durch verschiedene regionale Kontexte moduliert: die Größe und teilweise sogar Richtung der Unterschiede zwischen Landnutzungstypen unterschied sich zwischen den Regionen. Das verdeutlicht die Bedeutung, verschiedene Regionen miteinander zu vergleichen und viele Untersuchungsflächen einzubeziehen, um verläßliche Aussagen über Beziehungen zwischen Landnutzung und Artendiversität machen zu können. Zusammenfassend ist also grosse Vorsicht geboten, wenn Ergebnisse und Nutzungsempfehlungen über Regionen hinweg verallgemeinert werden sollen.
The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (−15% plant species richness, −0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m2) and changed composition (−3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (−42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots when studying relationships between land use and plant diversity. Overall, our results show that great caution is necessary when extrapolating results and management recommendations to other regions.
The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (−15% plant species richness, −0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m²) and changed composition (−3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (−42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots when studying relationships between land use and plant diversity. Overall, our results show that great caution is necessary when extrapolating results and management recommendations to other regions.
Author Socher, Stephanie A.
Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Wells, Konstans
Gockel, Sonja
Fischer, Markus
Müller, Jörg
Schöning, Ingo
Boch, Steffen
Hemp, Andreas
Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
Prati, Daniel
Kalko, Elisabeth K.V.
Buscot, François
Baumbach, Henryk
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– sequence: 8
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– sequence: 9
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  fullname: Wells, Konstans
  organization: Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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  givenname: François
  surname: Buscot
  fullname: Buscot, François
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  givenname: Elisabeth K.V.
  surname: Kalko
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– sequence: 12
  givenname: Karl Eduard
  surname: Linsenmair
  fullname: Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
  organization: Theodor-Boveri-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Ernst-Detlef
  surname: Schulze
  fullname: Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
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  givenname: Wolfgang W.
  surname: Weisser
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Issue 2
Keywords Land use type
Shannon diversity
Livestock type
Biodiversity exploratories
Functional groups
Grassland
Fertilization
Browsing
Land use
Species diversity
Mowing
Vegetation
Livestock
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Snippet The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far...
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SubjectTerms Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biodiversity exploratories
Biological and medical sciences
cattle
Functional groups
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Germany
grasses
grasslands
grazing
herbs
land use
Land use type
legumes
Livestock type
mowing
Shannon diversity
sheep
soil types
species diversity
Synecology
Terrestrial ecosystems
Title Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germany differ between regions
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.12.003
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1663584324
Volume 14
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