Factors affecting decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage MS2 during mesophilic anaerobic digestion and air drying of sewage sludge
Factors affecting the decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage, as representatives of bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, during mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) and air drying treatment of anaerobically digested sewage sludge were investigated. Controlled concentrations of S. Birke...
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Published in | Journal of water and health Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 459 - 472 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
IWA Publishing
01.06.2015
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Abstract | Factors affecting the decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage, as representatives of bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, during mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) and air drying treatment of anaerobically digested sewage sludge were investigated. Controlled concentrations of S. Birkenhead were inoculated into non-sterile, autoclaved, γ-irradiated and nutrient-supplemented sludge and cultures were incubated at 37 °C (MAD sludge treatment temperature) or 20 °C (summer air drying sludge treatment temperature). Nutrient limitation caused by microbial competition was the principal mechanism responsible for the decay of S. Birkenhead by MAD and during air drying of digested sludge. The effects of protease activity in sludge on MS2 coliphage decay in digested and air dried sludge were also investigated. MS2 coliphage showed a 3.0-3.5 log10 reduction during incubation with sludge-protease extracts at 37 °C for 25 h. Proteases produced by indigenous microbes in sludge potentially increase coliphage inactivation and may therefore have a significant role in the decay of enteric viruses in sewage sludge. The results help to explain the loss of viability of enteric bacteria and viral pathogens with treatment process time and contribute to fundamental understanding of the various biotic inactivation mechanisms operating in sludge treatment processes at mesophilic and ambient temperatures. |
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AbstractList | Factors affecting the decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage, as representatives of bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, during mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) and air drying treatment of anaerobically digested sewage sludge were investigated. Controlled concentrations of S. Birkenhead were inoculated into non-sterile, autoclaved, γ-irradiated and nutrient-supplemented sludge and cultures were incubated at 37 °C (MAD sludge treatment temperature) or 20 °C (summer air drying sludge treatment temperature). Nutrient limitation caused by microbial competition was the principal mechanism responsible for the decay of S. Birkenhead by MAD and during air drying of digested sludge. The effects of protease activity in sludge on MS2 coliphage decay in digested and air dried sludge were also investigated. MS2 coliphage showed a 3.0-3.5 log10 reduction during incubation with sludge-protease extracts at 37 °C for 25 h. Proteases produced by indigenous microbes in sludge potentially increase coliphage inactivation and may therefore have a significant role in the decay of enteric viruses in sewage sludge. The results help to explain the loss of viability of enteric bacteria and viral pathogens with treatment process time and contribute to fundamental understanding of the various biotic inactivation mechanisms operating in sludge treatment processes at mesophilic and ambient temperatures. Factors affecting the decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage, as representatives of bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, during mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) and air drying treatment of anaerobically digested sewage sludge were investigated. Controlled concentrations of S. Birkenhead were inoculated into non-sterile, autoclaved, gamma -irradiated and nutrient-supplemented sludge and cultures were incubated at 37 degree C (MAD sludge treatment temperature) or 20 degree C (summer air drying sludge treatment temperature). Nutrient limitation caused by microbial competition was the principal mechanism responsible for the decay of S. Birkenhead by MAD and during air drying of digested sludge. The effects of protease activity in sludge on MS2 coliphage decay in digested and air dried sludge were also investigated. MS2 coliphage showed a 3.0-3.5 log10 reduction during incubation with sludge-protease extracts at 37 degree C for 25 h. Proteases produced by indigenous microbes in sludge potentially increase coliphage inactivation and may therefore have a significant role in the decay of enteric viruses in sewage sludge. The results help to explain the loss of viability of enteric bacteria and viral pathogens with treatment process time and contribute to fundamental understanding of the various biotic inactivation mechanisms operating in sludge treatment processes at mesophilic and ambient temperatures. |
Author | Deighton, Margaret A Rouch, Duncan A Thurbon, Nerida Smith, Stephen R Mondal, Tania |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tania surname: Mondal fullname: Mondal, Tania email: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au organization: Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia E-mail: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au – sequence: 2 givenname: Duncan A surname: Rouch fullname: Rouch, Duncan A email: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au organization: Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia E-mail: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au – sequence: 3 givenname: Nerida surname: Thurbon fullname: Thurbon, Nerida email: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au organization: Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia E-mail: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au – sequence: 4 givenname: Stephen R surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Stephen R organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Margaret A surname: Deighton fullname: Deighton, Margaret A email: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au organization: Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia E-mail: margaret.deighton@rmit.edu.au |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2016_08_026 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_6b05190 crossref_primary_10_2166_wh_2017_316 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9091852 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11783_021_1504_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_desal_2022_115798 crossref_primary_10_1039_C6EW00311G |
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SubjectTerms | Air Air drying Air temperature Ambient temperature Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic treatment Anaerobiosis Anatomical structures Autoclaving Bacteria Bioreactors Competition Deactivation Decay Digestion Drying Enzymes Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Incubation period Inoculation Levivirus - physiology Microorganisms Mineral nutrients Moisture content Pathogens Peptide Hydrolases - metabolism Protease Proteinase Salmonella Salmonella - physiology Sewage Sewage - microbiology Sewage - virology Sewage disposal Sewage sludge Sludge Sludge treatment Studies Temperature Temperature effects Viability Viruses Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods |
Title | Factors affecting decay of Salmonella Birkenhead and coliphage MS2 during mesophilic anaerobic digestion and air drying of sewage sludge |
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