Self-templated chemically stable hollow spherical covalent organic framework

Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites rema...

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Published in	Nature communications Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 6786
Main Authors	Kandambeth, Sharath, Venkatesh, V., Shinde, Digambar B., Kumari, Sushma, Halder, Arjun, Verma, Sandeep, Banerjee, Rahul
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.04.2015 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	639/301/299/1013 639/301/299/921 639/301/930/1032 Anisoles - chemistry Crystallization Enzymes, Immobilized - chemistry Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrogen Bonding multidisciplinary Nitriles - chemical synthesis Nitriles - chemistry Particle Size Porosity Science Science (multidisciplinary) Surface Properties Terphenyl Compounds - chemical synthesis Terphenyl Compounds - chemistry Trypsin - chemistry
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Abstract	Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m 2 g −1 ), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g −1 of trypsin. Hollow, spherical nano/microstructures are potentially useful for energy and drug delivery applications. Here, the authors show that these structures can be fabricated from covalent organic frameworks, and exploit their chemical stability and mesoporous structures for enzyme encapsulation.
AbstractList	Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m2 g-1 ), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g-1 of trypsin. Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m 2 g −1 ), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g −1 of trypsin. Hollow, spherical nano/microstructures are potentially useful for energy and drug delivery applications. Here, the authors show that these structures can be fabricated from covalent organic frameworks, and exploit their chemical stability and mesoporous structures for enzyme encapsulation. Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m(2 )g(-1)), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g(-1) of trypsin. Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m(2 )g(-1)), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g(-1) of trypsin.Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis of a hollow spherical covalent organic framework with mesoporous walls in a single-step template-free method. A detailed time-dependent study of hollow sphere formation reveals that an inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow sphere formation. The synthesized covalent organic framework hollow spheres are highly porous (surface area ∼1,500 m(2 )g(-1)), crystalline and chemically stable, due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These mesoporous hollow sphere covalent organic frameworks are used for a trypsin immobilization study, which shows an uptake of 15.5 μmol g(-1) of trypsin.
ArticleNumber	6786
Author	Halder, Arjun Verma, Sandeep Kumari, Sushma Shinde, Digambar B. Banerjee, Rahul Kandambeth, Sharath Venkatesh, V.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Sharath surname: Kandambeth fullname: Kandambeth, Sharath organization: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) – sequence: 2 givenname: V. surname: Venkatesh fullname: Venkatesh, V. organization: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur – sequence: 3 givenname: Digambar B. surname: Shinde fullname: Shinde, Digambar B. organization: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory – sequence: 4 givenname: Sushma surname: Kumari fullname: Kumari, Sushma organization: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory – sequence: 5 givenname: Arjun surname: Halder fullname: Halder, Arjun organization: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) – sequence: 6 givenname: Sandeep surname: Verma fullname: Verma, Sandeep organization: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur – sequence: 7 givenname: Rahul surname: Banerjee fullname: Banerjee, Rahul email: r.banerjee@ncl.res.in organization: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25858416$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of...
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Title	Self-templated chemically stable hollow spherical covalent organic framework
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