Reaction of β-Nitrostyrene with Diethyl Malonate in the Presence of Bispidines: The Unusual Role of the Organocatalyst

The aim of this work was the investigation of novel organocatalysts for the Michael addition of diethyl malonate to β-nitrostyrene. The methodology of the study included NMR titration, reaction monitoring by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), product characteriz...

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Published inChemistry an international journal Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 387 - 406
Main Authors Dalinger, Alexander I., Mamedova, Sabina F., Burykina, Julia V., Pentsak, Evgeniy O., Vatsadze, Sergey Z.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2024
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Abstract The aim of this work was the investigation of novel organocatalysts for the Michael addition of diethyl malonate to β-nitrostyrene. The methodology of the study included NMR titration, reaction monitoring by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), product characterization by MALDI, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. As a result, evidence of supramolecular interactions between two pairs of components of the reaction was found. In addition to the supramolecular complexes, an unusual reaction, i.e., the Michael addition of NH-bispidines to β-nitrostyrene, was found, which led to previously unknown oligomers of β-nitrostyrene. A new mechanism for the catalytic action of NH-bispidine was proposed, which involved catalysis not by the initial organocatalyst but rather by its adduct with β-nitrostyrene. Thus, in this reaction, N-benzylbispidine acted as an initiator, and the real catalyst was the betaine formed during the initiation stage.
AbstractList The aim of this work was the investigation of novel organocatalysts for the Michael addition of diethyl malonate to β-nitrostyrene. The methodology of the study included NMR titration, reaction monitoring by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), product characterization by MALDI, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. As a result, evidence of supramolecular interactions between two pairs of components of the reaction was found. In addition to the supramolecular complexes, an unusual reaction, i.e., the Michael addition of NH-bispidines to β-nitrostyrene, was found, which led to previously unknown oligomers of β-nitrostyrene. A new mechanism for the catalytic action of NH-bispidine was proposed, which involved catalysis not by the initial organocatalyst but rather by its adduct with β-nitrostyrene. Thus, in this reaction, N-benzylbispidine acted as an initiator, and the real catalyst was the betaine formed during the initiation stage.
Author Mamedova, Sabina F.
Vatsadze, Sergey Z.
Dalinger, Alexander I.
Burykina, Julia V.
Pentsak, Evgeniy O.
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  surname: Vatsadze
  fullname: Vatsadze, Sergey Z.
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Snippet The aim of this work was the investigation of novel organocatalysts for the Michael addition of diethyl malonate to β-nitrostyrene. The methodology of the...
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SubjectTerms Aluminum
bispidines
Calibration
Catalysis
Chemical analysis
Chromatography
Infrared spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
Michael addition
monoterpenoids
Nitrogen
nitroolefins
NMR spectroscopy
Software
Thermal analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis
Titration
β-nitrostyrene
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Title Reaction of β-Nitrostyrene with Diethyl Malonate in the Presence of Bispidines: The Unusual Role of the Organocatalyst
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