Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches
Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain management, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption...
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Published in | Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 39 - 47 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Universidad de Antioquia
01.01.2017
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Abstract | Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain management, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and mastectomy. Methods: a prospective randomized blind clinical trial was used to evaluate 48 bitches of various breeds, aged 10±3.7 years, weighing 16±12 kg, and with multiple mammary tumours. The animals were distributed in two groups: TRA group received 5 mg/kg tramadol and MET group 0.5 mg/kg methadone intramuscularly, 10 minutes prior to anaesthesia induction with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, mean arterial pressure (MAP), propofol induction dose (PID), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISO), and carbon dioxide pressure (EtCO2) were measured during the intra-operative period. Post-operative pain was evaluated for 12 hours and rated according to the Melbourne pain scale. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg methadone, 2 mg/kg lidocaine, or 0.01 mg/kg/min ketamine IV) was given when necessary and post-operative analgesic consumption recorded. Statistical tests were used to compare treatments. Results: rescue analgesia requirements, pain score, PID and analgesic consumption were significantly lower (p<0.05) in MET group. The HR was higher in TRA group, while EtCO2 and MAP were higher in MET group (p<0.05). Conclusions: methadone was more effective than tramadol in pre-emptive analgesia but not completely adequate on controlling pain in bitches subjected to unilateral mastectomy and OVH. MET led to lower cardiovascular depression and lower propofol dose required for anesthesia induction. However, methadone increased EtCO2 and thus special care with patient ventilation is advised.
Resumo Introdução: a mastectomia em cadelas é um procedimento severamente álgido e o controle da dor é um desafio. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preventiva com metadona ou tramadol sob dor pós-operatória, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e consumo anestésico em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia e mastectomia. Métodos: ensaio clínico prospectivo cego randomizado em 48 cadelas, de diferentes raças, idade 10 ± 3,7 anos, peso 16 ± 12 kg com tumores mamários múltiplos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo TRA, tramadol 5 mg/kg e grupo MET, metadona 0,5 mg/kg por via intramuscular, administrados 10 minutos antes da indução anestésica com propofol e manutenção com isofluorano. As variáveis mensuradas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (fR), pressão arterial média (PAM), dose de indução propofol (PID), saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentração de isofluorano (EtISO) e pressão de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) ao final da expiração. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada durante 12 horas (Escala Melbourne). A necessidade de resgate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, ou cetamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) analgésico e o consumo pós-operatório de analgésicos foram registrados. Testes estatísticos foram utilizados para comparar os tratamentos. Resultados: a necessidade de resgate analgésico, escore de dor, PID e o consumo de analgésicos foram menores (p<0,05) no grupo MET. A FC maior no grupo TRA, enquanto EtCO2 e PAM maiores no grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusões: a administração preventiva de metadona foi mais eficaz, mas não totalmente adequada para o controle da dor pós-operatória do que o tramadol, promovendo redução na depressão cardiovascular e o requerimento de propofol para indução da anestesia. No entanto, a metadona aumentou a EtCO2, recomendando cuidado especial com a ventilação dos pacientes.
Resumen Fundamento: la mastectomia en perras es un procedimiento severamente álgido y el control del dolor es un desafío. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento analgésico preventivo con metadona (MET) o tramadol (TRA) sobre el dolor postoperatorio, parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y consumo de anestésicos en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía (OVH) y mastectomía. Métodos: ensayo clínico prospectivo aleatorizado ciego en 48 perras de diversas razas, edad 10±3,7, peso corporal 16±12 kg y con múltiples tumores mamarios. Los animales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: el grupo TRA recibió 5 mg/kg de tramadol y el grupo MET 0,5 mg/kg de metadona por vía intramuscular 10 minutos antes de inducir anestesia con propofol seguido de mantenimiento con isofluorano. Las variables evaluadas fueron: frecuencia cardíaca (HR), respiratoria (RR), presión arterial media (MAP), dosis de inducción con propofol (PID), saturación de oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentración de isofluorano (EtISO) y presión de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) medidos durante el proceso intra-operativo. El dolor postoperatorio fue evaluado de acuerdo con la escala Melbourne durante 12 horas. Analgesia de rescate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, o ketamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) se suministró cuando se consideró necesario, y se registró el consumo de analgésico posterior a la cirugia. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para comparar los tratamientos. Resultados: los requerimientos de rescate analgésico, intensidad del dolor, PID y consumo analgésico fueron significativamente menores (p<0,05) en el grupo MET. La HR fue mayor en el grupo TRA, mientras que EtCO2 y MAP fueron mayores en el grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la administración preventiva de MET es más eficaz que el tramadol, pero no completamente adecuada para el control del dolor posoperatorio en perras sometidas a mastectomia unilateral y OVH. MET promueve menor depresión cardiovascular y requerimiento de propofol para inducción anestésica. Sin embargo, dado que MET incrementa la EtCO2, se recomienda cuidado especial con la ventilación de estos pacientes. |
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AbstractList | Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain management, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and mastectomy. Methods: a prospective randomized blind clinical trial was used to evaluate 48 bitches of various breeds, aged 10±3.7 years, weighing 16±12 kg, and with multiple mammary tumours. The animals were distributed in two groups: TRA group received 5 mg/kg tramadol and MET group 0.5 mg/kg methadone intramuscularly, 10 minutes prior to anaesthesia induction with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, mean arterial pressure (MAP), propofol induction dose (PID), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISO), and carbon dioxide pressure (EtCO2) were measured during the intra-operative period. Post-operative pain was evaluated for 12 hours and rated according to the Melbourne pain scale. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg methadone, 2 mg/kg lidocaine, or 0.01 mg/kg/min ketamine IV) was given when necessary and post-operative analgesic consumption recorded. Statistical tests were used to compare treatments. Results: rescue analgesia requirements, pain score, PID and analgesic consumption were significantly lower (p<0.05) in MET group. The HR was higher in TRA group, while EtCO2 and MAP were higher in MET group (p<0.05). Conclusions: methadone was more effective than tramadol in pre-emptive analgesia but not completely adequate on controlling pain in bitches subjected to unilateral mastectomy and OVH. MET led to lower cardiovascular depression and lower propofol dose required for anesthesia induction. However, methadone increased EtCO2 and thus special care with patient ventilation is advised.
Resumo Introdução: a mastectomia em cadelas é um procedimento severamente álgido e o controle da dor é um desafio. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preventiva com metadona ou tramadol sob dor pós-operatória, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e consumo anestésico em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia e mastectomia. Métodos: ensaio clínico prospectivo cego randomizado em 48 cadelas, de diferentes raças, idade 10 ± 3,7 anos, peso 16 ± 12 kg com tumores mamários múltiplos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo TRA, tramadol 5 mg/kg e grupo MET, metadona 0,5 mg/kg por via intramuscular, administrados 10 minutos antes da indução anestésica com propofol e manutenção com isofluorano. As variáveis mensuradas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (fR), pressão arterial média (PAM), dose de indução propofol (PID), saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentração de isofluorano (EtISO) e pressão de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) ao final da expiração. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada durante 12 horas (Escala Melbourne). A necessidade de resgate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, ou cetamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) analgésico e o consumo pós-operatório de analgésicos foram registrados. Testes estatísticos foram utilizados para comparar os tratamentos. Resultados: a necessidade de resgate analgésico, escore de dor, PID e o consumo de analgésicos foram menores (p<0,05) no grupo MET. A FC maior no grupo TRA, enquanto EtCO2 e PAM maiores no grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusões: a administração preventiva de metadona foi mais eficaz, mas não totalmente adequada para o controle da dor pós-operatória do que o tramadol, promovendo redução na depressão cardiovascular e o requerimento de propofol para indução da anestesia. No entanto, a metadona aumentou a EtCO2, recomendando cuidado especial com a ventilação dos pacientes.
Resumen Fundamento: la mastectomia en perras es un procedimiento severamente álgido y el control del dolor es un desafío. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento analgésico preventivo con metadona (MET) o tramadol (TRA) sobre el dolor postoperatorio, parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y consumo de anestésicos en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía (OVH) y mastectomía. Métodos: ensayo clínico prospectivo aleatorizado ciego en 48 perras de diversas razas, edad 10±3,7, peso corporal 16±12 kg y con múltiples tumores mamarios. Los animales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: el grupo TRA recibió 5 mg/kg de tramadol y el grupo MET 0,5 mg/kg de metadona por vía intramuscular 10 minutos antes de inducir anestesia con propofol seguido de mantenimiento con isofluorano. Las variables evaluadas fueron: frecuencia cardíaca (HR), respiratoria (RR), presión arterial media (MAP), dosis de inducción con propofol (PID), saturación de oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentración de isofluorano (EtISO) y presión de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) medidos durante el proceso intra-operativo. El dolor postoperatorio fue evaluado de acuerdo con la escala Melbourne durante 12 horas. Analgesia de rescate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, o ketamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) se suministró cuando se consideró necesario, y se registró el consumo de analgésico posterior a la cirugia. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para comparar los tratamientos. Resultados: los requerimientos de rescate analgésico, intensidad del dolor, PID y consumo analgésico fueron significativamente menores (p<0,05) en el grupo MET. La HR fue mayor en el grupo TRA, mientras que EtCO2 y MAP fueron mayores en el grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la administración preventiva de MET es más eficaz que el tramadol, pero no completamente adecuada para el control del dolor posoperatorio en perras sometidas a mastectomia unilateral y OVH. MET promueve menor depresión cardiovascular y requerimiento de propofol para inducción anestésica. Sin embargo, dado que MET incrementa la EtCO2, se recomienda cuidado especial con la ventilación de estos pacientes. Background: mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches are critical surgeries and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain intensity, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption in female dogs undergoing mastectomy and OVH. Methods: a prospective randomized blind clinical trial was used to evaluate 48 bitches of various breeds, aged 10 ± 3.7 years, weighing 16 ± 12 Kg, and with multiple mammary tumours. The animals were distributed in two groups: TRA group received 5 mg/Kg tramadol and MET group 0.5 mg/Kg methadone intramuscularly, 10 min prior to anaesthesia induction with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, mean arterial pressure (MAP), propofol induction dose (PID), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISO), and carbon dioxide pressure (EtCO2) were measured during the intra-operative period. Post-operative pain was evaluated for 12 h and rated according to the Melbourne scale. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/Kg methadone, 2 mg/Kg lidocaine, or 0.01 mg/Kg/min ketamine IV) was given when necessary and post-operative analgesic consumption recorded. Statistical tests were used to compare treatments. Results: rescue analgesia requirements, pain score, PID and analgesic consumption were significantly lower (p<0.05) in MET group. The HR was higher in TRA group, while EtCO2 and MAP were higher in MET group (p<0.05). Conclusion: methadone was more effective than tramadol in pre-emptive analgesia but not completely adequate on controlling pain in bitches subjected to unilateral mastectomy and OVH. Methadone led to lower cardiovascular depression and lower propofol dose required for anesthesia induction. However, increased EtCO2 and special care with patient ventilation is advised. |
Author | Moro, Juliana V R Feliciano, Marcus A Mostachio, Giuliano Q Padilha-Nakaghi, Luciana C R Uscategui, Ricardo A Tiosso, Caio R Vicente, Wilter R |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ricardo A surname: R Uscategui fullname: R Uscategui, Ricardo A – sequence: 2 givenname: Caio surname: Tiosso fullname: Tiosso, Caio – sequence: 3 givenname: Juliana V surname: Moro fullname: Moro, Juliana V – sequence: 4 givenname: Giuliano Q surname: Mostachio fullname: Mostachio, Giuliano Q – sequence: 5 givenname: Luciana C surname: Padilha-Nakaghi fullname: Padilha-Nakaghi, Luciana C – sequence: 6 givenname: Marcus A surname: R Feliciano fullname: R Feliciano, Marcus A – sequence: 7 givenname: Wilter R surname: R Vicente fullname: R Vicente, Wilter R |
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Cites_doi | 10.2478/v10181-010-0027-y 10.4103/1658-354X.114052 10.1136/bmj.284.6316.630 10.2460/javma.1999.214.05.651 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.00090.x 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00362.x 10.1111/vaa.12080 10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00294-9 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00424.x 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.06.006 10.1590/s0102-09352013000400005 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00528.x 10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.02.205 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.015 10.1111/j.1467-2987.2004.00148.x 10.1590/S0034-70942009000400004 10.1016/S0195-5616(99)50059-4 10.1186/s12917-014-0194-7 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04979.x 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00351.x 10.1093/bja/85.1.109 10.1007/s11259-007-0084-6 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00408.x 10.1590/S0034-70942005000100013 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d8a095 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00232a_1.x 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00239.x 10.1016/B978-072160558-6.50029-0 |
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Snippet | Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive... Background: mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches are critical surgeries and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy... |
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SubjectTerms | anestesia anesthesia canine canino cães dogs dolor dor hipercapnia hypercapnia opioide opioids opióide pain perros |
Title | Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches |
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