Contamination Levels and Congener Distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Several Fast Foods in Japan
We determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in three types of fast foods [(1) seventeen hamburgers and two hot dogs, (2) six portions of fried potatoes and (3) three chicken products] obtained f...
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| Published in | Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) Vol. 44; no. 6; pp. 316 - 320 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
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| Language | English |
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Japan
Japanese Society for Food Hygiene and Safety
01.12.2003
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| Abstract | We determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in three types of fast foods [(1) seventeen hamburgers and two hot dogs, (2) six portions of fried potatoes and (3) three chicken products] obtained from fast food shops or convenience stores in Japan. All samples tested showed low toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of dioxins in the range of 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g wet weight (0.006-0.053 pg-TEQ/g for hamburgers and hot dogs, 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g for fried potatoes and 0.053-0.065 pg-TEQ/g for chicken products). The congener profile in hamburgers and hot dogs suggested that the total TEQ was mainly determined by Co-PCBs, especially by 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126), which accounted for 44% of the total TEQ value. Findings for animal foods such as beef and cheese were consistent with this result. For fried potatoes, PCDD/Fs accounted for 94% of the total TEQ value, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF accounted for 32% of PCDD/Fs. Dioxins in the chicken products consisted of 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, which accounted for 23% and 21% of the total TEQ, respectively. If an adult (50 kg weight) eats 150 g of hamburger, 100 g of potatoes and 150 g of chicken, the daily intake is estimated to be 0.299 pg-TEQ/kg b.w./day using the average values (0.022, 0.028 and 0.059 pg-TEQ/g, respectively) obtained in this study. This value corresponds to 7.5% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs in Japan. |
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| AbstractList | We determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in three types of fast foods [(1) seventeen hamburgers and two hot dogs, (2) six portions of fried potatoes and (3) three chicken products] obtained from fast food shops or convenience stores in Japan. All samples tested showed low toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of dioxins in the range of 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g wet weight (0.006-0.053 pg-TEQ/g for hamburgers and hot dogs, 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g for fried potatoes and 0.053-0.065 pg-TEQ/g for chicken products). The congener profile in hamburgers and hot dogs suggested that the total TEQ was mainly determined by Co-PCBs, especially by 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126), which accounted for 44% of the total TEQ value. Findings for animal foods such as beef and cheese were consistent with this result. For fried potatoes, PCDD/Fs accounted for 94% of the total TEQ value, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF accounted for 32% of PCDD/Fs. Dioxins in the chicken products consisted of 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, which accounted for 23% and 21% of the total TEQ, respectively. If an adult (50 kg weight) eats 150 g of hamburger, 100 g of potatoes and 150 g of chicken, the daily intake is estimated to be 0.299 pg-TEQ/kg b.w./day using the average values (0.022, 0.028 and 0.059 pg-TEQ/g, respectively) obtained in this study. This value corresponds to 7.5% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs in Japan. We determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in three types of fast foods [(1) seventeen hamburgers and two hot dogs, (2) six portions of fried potatoes and (3) three chicken products] obtained from fast food shops or convenience stores in Japan. All samples tested showed low toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of dioxins in the range of 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g wet weight (0.006-0.053 pg-TEQ/g for hamburgers and hot dogs, 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g for fried potatoes and 0.053-0.065 pg-TEQ/g for chicken products). The congener profile in hamburgers and hot dogs suggested that the total TEQ was mainly determined by Co-PCBs, especially by 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126), which accounted for 44% of the total TEQ value. Findings for animal foods such as beef and cheese were consistent with this result. For fried potatoes, PCDD/Fs accounted for 94% of the total TEQ value, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF accounted for 32% of PCDD/Fs. Dioxins in the chicken products consisted of 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, which accounted for 23% and 21% of the total TEQ, respectively. If an adult (50 kg weight) eats 150 g of hamburger, 100 g of potatoes and 150 g of chicken, the daily intake is estimated to be 0.299 pg-TEQ/kg b.w./day using the average values (0.022, 0.028 and 0.059 pg-TEQ/g, respectively) obtained in this study. This value corresponds to 7.5% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs in Japan.We determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in three types of fast foods [(1) seventeen hamburgers and two hot dogs, (2) six portions of fried potatoes and (3) three chicken products] obtained from fast food shops or convenience stores in Japan. All samples tested showed low toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of dioxins in the range of 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g wet weight (0.006-0.053 pg-TEQ/g for hamburgers and hot dogs, 0.001-0.083 pg-TEQ/g for fried potatoes and 0.053-0.065 pg-TEQ/g for chicken products). The congener profile in hamburgers and hot dogs suggested that the total TEQ was mainly determined by Co-PCBs, especially by 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126), which accounted for 44% of the total TEQ value. Findings for animal foods such as beef and cheese were consistent with this result. For fried potatoes, PCDD/Fs accounted for 94% of the total TEQ value, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF accounted for 32% of PCDD/Fs. Dioxins in the chicken products consisted of 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (#126) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, which accounted for 23% and 21% of the total TEQ, respectively. If an adult (50 kg weight) eats 150 g of hamburger, 100 g of potatoes and 150 g of chicken, the daily intake is estimated to be 0.299 pg-TEQ/kg b.w./day using the average values (0.022, 0.028 and 0.059 pg-TEQ/g, respectively) obtained in this study. This value corresponds to 7.5% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs in Japan. |
| Author | MAITANI, Tamio SASAKI, Kumiko TSUTSUMI, Tomoaki AMAKURA, Yoshiaki |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00151-5 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00059-5 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00441-4 10.1080/026520300283324 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00444-6 10.2527/1995.7361639x 10.3358/shokueishi.44.119 10.1007/s00216-003-1832-2 10.3358/shokueishi.43.312 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00104-2 |
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| References | 3) Travis, C. C., Hattermer-Frey, H. A., Human exposure to dioxin. Sci. Total Environ., 104, 97-127 (1991). 13) Tsutsumi, T., Amakura, Y., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Evaluation of an aqueous KOH digestion followed by hexane extraction for analysis of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in retailed fish. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 375, 792-798 (2003). 8) Schecter, A., Li, L., Dioxin, dibenzofurans, dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE in U.S. fast food, 1995. Chemosphere, 34, 1449-1457 (1997). 5) Parzefall, W., Risk assessment of dioxin contamination in human food. Food Chem. Toxicol., 40, 1185-1189 (2002). 6) Informational Brochure of Dioxins (2001), Council of Ministries and Agencies on Dioxin Policy, Japan. 10) Amakura, Y., Tsutsumi, T., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Comparison of sulfuric acid treatment and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography in cleanup methods for determination of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in foods. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan), 43, 312-321 (2002). 2) Fries, G. F., A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposure to dioxins. J. Anim. Sci., 73, 1639-1650 (1990). 7) Tsutsumi, T., Yanagi, T., Nakamura, M., Kono, Y., Uchibe, H., Iida, T., Hori, T., Nakagawa, R., Tobiishi, K., Matsuda, R., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Update of daily intake of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan. Chemosphere, 45, 1129-1137 (2001). 12) Shokuhinchu No Daiokishinrui Oyobi Kopurana PCB No Sokuteihouhou Zantei Gaidorain (Provisional guidelines for analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar PCBs in foods) (Oct., 1999), Environmental Health Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare (Present name: Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare), Japan. 1) Ballschmiter, K., Bacher, R. “Dioxin—chemistry, analysis and toxicity—”, Shimizu, T., ed., Tokyo, NTN, 1999, p. 23-369. (ISBN 900830-43-7 9) Kim, Y., Yang, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, M., Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in two kinds of fast foods in Korea. Chemosphere, 43, 851-855 (2001). 11) Amakura, Y., Tsutsumi, T., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Cleanup of food samples with pre-packed multi-layer silica gel column for the analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan), 44, 119-125 (2003). 4) Djien Liem, A. K., Furst, P., Rappe, C., Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds. Food Addit. Contam., 17, 241-260 (2000). 14) Focant, J. F., Eppe, G., Pirard, C., Massart, A. C., Andre, J. E., Pauw, E. D., Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs: assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere, 48, 167-179 (2002). 11 12 14 1 TSUTSUMI T (13) 2003; 375 2 4 5 6 7 8 (3) 1991; 104 9 AMAKURA Y (10) 2002; 43 |
| References_xml | – reference: 4) Djien Liem, A. K., Furst, P., Rappe, C., Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds. Food Addit. Contam., 17, 241-260 (2000). – reference: 6) Informational Brochure of Dioxins (2001), Council of Ministries and Agencies on Dioxin Policy, Japan. – reference: 8) Schecter, A., Li, L., Dioxin, dibenzofurans, dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE in U.S. fast food, 1995. Chemosphere, 34, 1449-1457 (1997). – reference: 2) Fries, G. F., A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposure to dioxins. J. Anim. Sci., 73, 1639-1650 (1990). – reference: 5) Parzefall, W., Risk assessment of dioxin contamination in human food. Food Chem. Toxicol., 40, 1185-1189 (2002). – reference: 11) Amakura, Y., Tsutsumi, T., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Cleanup of food samples with pre-packed multi-layer silica gel column for the analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan), 44, 119-125 (2003). – reference: 12) Shokuhinchu No Daiokishinrui Oyobi Kopurana PCB No Sokuteihouhou Zantei Gaidorain (Provisional guidelines for analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar PCBs in foods) (Oct., 1999), Environmental Health Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare (Present name: Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare), Japan. – reference: 14) Focant, J. F., Eppe, G., Pirard, C., Massart, A. C., Andre, J. E., Pauw, E. D., Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs: assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere, 48, 167-179 (2002). – reference: 1) Ballschmiter, K., Bacher, R. “Dioxin—chemistry, analysis and toxicity—”, Shimizu, T., ed., Tokyo, NTN, 1999, p. 23-369. (ISBN 900830-43-7) – reference: 7) Tsutsumi, T., Yanagi, T., Nakamura, M., Kono, Y., Uchibe, H., Iida, T., Hori, T., Nakagawa, R., Tobiishi, K., Matsuda, R., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Update of daily intake of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan. Chemosphere, 45, 1129-1137 (2001). – reference: 13) Tsutsumi, T., Amakura, Y., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Evaluation of an aqueous KOH digestion followed by hexane extraction for analysis of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in retailed fish. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 375, 792-798 (2003). – reference: 3) Travis, C. C., Hattermer-Frey, H. A., Human exposure to dioxin. Sci. Total Environ., 104, 97-127 (1991). – reference: 9) Kim, Y., Yang, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, M., Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in two kinds of fast foods in Korea. Chemosphere, 43, 851-855 (2001). – reference: 10) Amakura, Y., Tsutsumi, T., Sasaki, K., Toyoda, M., Maitani, T., Comparison of sulfuric acid treatment and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography in cleanup methods for determination of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in foods. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan), 43, 312-321 (2002). – ident: 7 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00151-5 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00059-5 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00441-4 – ident: 1 – ident: 12 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1080/026520300283324 – volume: 104 start-page: 97 issn: 0048-9697 issue: 1/2 year: 1991 ident: 3 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00444-6 – ident: 2 doi: 10.2527/1995.7361639x – ident: 11 doi: 10.3358/shokueishi.44.119 – ident: 6 – volume: 375 start-page: 792 issn: 1618-2642 issue: 6 year: 2003 ident: 13 doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-1832-2 – volume: 43 start-page: 312 issn: 0015-6426 issue: 5 year: 2002 ident: 10 doi: 10.3358/shokueishi.43.312 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00104-2 |
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| Title | Contamination Levels and Congener Distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Several Fast Foods in Japan |
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