Relationship between the frequency of influenza vaccination and cell-mediated immunity

• Published in: Journal of immunological methods Vol. 458; pp. 58 - 62
• Main Authors: Otani, Naruhito, Shima, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Ichiki, Kaoru, Nakajima, Kazuhiko, Takesue, Yoshio, Honjo, Kenta, Yoshida, Natsuko, Kawata, Sayo, Okuno, Toshiomi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.07.2018
• Subjects: adults; antigens; Cell-mediated immunity; guidelines; Hemagglutination inhibition; IFN-γ; influenza vaccination; Influenza vaccine; influenza vaccines; interferon-gamma; Neutralizing antibody; Cell-mediated immunity; NT; IR; one dose; Hemagglutination inhibition; Neutralizing antibody; GMT; two doses; HAI; IFN-γ; IIV; Influenza vaccine; CMI
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.04.008
• ISSN: 0022-1759; 1872-7905

Despite established guidelines for population-level assessments of immunity after vaccination, standard methods for individual-level analyses have not been established, limiting the ability to optimize vaccination strategies within a particular season. In this study, we evaluated changes in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with respect to the number of influenza vaccine doses. In particular, the influenza vaccine was administered to 21 adults during the 2015–2016 season. IFN-γ production induced by the influenza vaccine antigens [A (H1N1), A (H3N2), B (Yamagata lineage), and B (Victoria lineage)] increased after the first dose of vaccination in 11, 10, 10, and 11 subjects, respectively. In 5 of 10 (H1N1), 4 of 10 (H3N2), 3 of 9 (Yamagata lineage), and 3 of 8 (Victoria lineage) subjects who did not exhibit an increase in IFN-γ production after the first dose, CMI was enhanced after the second dose. The production of IFN-γ increased after the first or second dose of the vaccine in 16, 14, 13, and 14 of the 21 subjects, respectively. The results of this study showed that two doses of the influenza vaccine effectively enhance CMI in subjects with primary vaccine failure. •Cell-mediated immunity was assessed after one and two vaccine doses.•A second vaccine dose enhanced CMI in subjects with primary vaccine failure.•In subjects with CMI after one dose, a second dose did not act as a booster.•There was significant correlation between the HAI antibody titer and NT.•There was no significant correlation between CMI and the HAI antibody titer and NT.