Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects...

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Published inEnvironmental research Vol. 99; no. 2; pp. 253 - 261
Main Authors Harada, Kouji, Inoue, Kayoko, Morikawa, Akiko, Yoshinaga, Takeo, Saito, Norimitsu, Koizumi, Akio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.10.2005
Elsevier
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Abstract Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation ( P < 0.01 ), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of ⩾60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20–40 years old, N = 5 for each sex) and old (⩾60 years old, N = 5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10 −5-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.
AbstractList Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation ( P < 0.01 ), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of ⩾60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20–40 years old, N = 5 for each sex) and old (⩾60 years old, N = 5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10 −5-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation (P<0.01), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of >=60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20-40 years old, N=5 for each sex) and old (>=60 years old, N=5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10 super(-) super(5)-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation (P<0.01), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of 60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20-40 years old, N=5 for each sex) and old (60 years old, N=5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10(-5)-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation (P<0.01), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of 60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20-40 years old, N=5 for each sex) and old (60 years old, N=5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10(-5)-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in humans are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation (P<0.01), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of 60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS in young (20-40 years old, N=5 for each sex) and old (60 years old, N=5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10(-5)-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in humans, suggesting the absence of active excretion in human kidneys. The renal clearances of PFOA and PFOS were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in rats and Japanese macaques were not found in our human subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in human. The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for PFOA and PFOS.
Author Morikawa, Akiko
Saito, Norimitsu
Yoshinaga, Takeo
Harada, Kouji
Koizumi, Akio
Inoue, Kayoko
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kouji
  surname: Harada
  fullname: Harada, Kouji
  organization: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoecho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Kayoko
  surname: Inoue
  fullname: Inoue, Kayoko
  organization: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoecho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Akiko
  surname: Morikawa
  fullname: Morikawa, Akiko
  organization: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoecho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Takeo
  surname: Yoshinaga
  fullname: Yoshinaga, Takeo
  organization: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoecho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Norimitsu
  surname: Saito
  fullname: Saito, Norimitsu
  organization: Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Akio
  surname: Koizumi
  fullname: Koizumi, Akio
  email: koizumi@pbh.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  organization: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoecho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16194675$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IsPeerReviewed true
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Issue 2
Keywords Urine
Serum
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
Renal clearance
Perfluorooctanoate
Human
Toxicokinetics
Excretion
Urinary system
Organic perhalocompound
Elimination
Sex
Clearance
Age
Kidney
Public health
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Snippet Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and humans. However,...
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StartPage 253
SubjectTerms Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Alkanesulfonic Acids - blood
Alkanesulfonic Acids - metabolism
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Caprylates - blood
Caprylates - metabolism
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants - blood
Environmental Pollutants - metabolism
Female
Fluorocarbons - blood
Fluorocarbons - metabolism
Humans
Japan
Kidney - metabolism
Macaca
Macaca fascicularis
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Models, Biological
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
Perfluorooctanoate
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Renal clearance
Serum
Species Specificity
Toxicology
Urine
Various organic compounds
Title Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2004.12.003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16194675
https://www.proquest.com/docview/17653930
https://www.proquest.com/docview/20776754
https://www.proquest.com/docview/68636984
Volume 99
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