Altered brain activities associated with cue reactivity during forced break in subjects with Internet gaming disorder

•The recreational Internet game users were included as control group in current study.•Create a forced break situation for IGD to explore the neural underpinnings of them.•IGD failed to suppress their game cravings after unexpectedly gaming forced break. Studies have proven that forced break can eli...

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Published in	Addictive behaviors Vol. 102; p. 106203
Main Authors	Zhang, Jialin, Hu, Yan, Li, Hui, Zheng, Hui, Xiang, Ming, Wang, Ziliang, Dong, Guangheng
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2020
Subjects	Adult anterior cingulate association attentional bias Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiopathology brain function Case-Control Studies clinical article clinical feature controlled study Craving Cues Decision-making dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Executive control Executive Function Female Forced break Functional Neuroimaging game addiction Gyrus Cinguli - diagnostic imaging Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology human Humans impulsiveness Internet Addiction Disorder - diagnostic imaging Internet Addiction Disorder - physiopathology Internet gaming disorder Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male parahippocampal gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus - diagnostic imaging Parahippocampal Gyrus - physiopathology Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Recreation self report task performance Video Games Young Adult Decision-making Forced break Internet gaming disorder Craving Executive control
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ISSN	0306-4603 1873-6327 1873-6327
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106203

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Abstract	•The recreational Internet game users were included as control group in current study.•Create a forced break situation for IGD to explore the neural underpinnings of them.•IGD failed to suppress their game cravings after unexpectedly gaming forced break. Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence.
AbstractList	•The recreational Internet game users were included as control group in current study.•Create a forced break situation for IGD to explore the neural underpinnings of them.•IGD failed to suppress their game cravings after unexpectedly gaming forced break. Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence. Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors.BACKGROUNDStudies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors.Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD.METHODSForty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD.Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus.RESULTSCompared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus.IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence.CONCLUSIONSIGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence. Background: Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. Methods: Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. Results: Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusions: IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence.
ArticleNumber	106203
Author	Hu, Yan Wang, Ziliang Xiang, Ming Li, Hui Zheng, Hui Dong, Guangheng Zhang, Jialin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jialin surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jialin organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yan surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Yan organization: Department of Creative Technologies, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Hui surname: Li fullname: Li, Hui organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Hui orcidid: 0000-0001-9735-5657 surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Hui organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Ming surname: Xiang fullname: Xiang, Ming organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China – sequence: 6 givenname: Ziliang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Ziliang organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China – sequence: 7 givenname: Guangheng surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Guangheng email: dongguangheng@zjnu.edu.cn organization: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Keywords	Decision-making Forced break Internet gaming disorder Craving Executive control
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Snippet	•The recreational Internet game users were included as control group in current study.•Create a forced break situation for IGD to explore the neural... Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to... Background: Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent...
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SubjectTerms	Adult anterior cingulate association attentional bias Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiopathology brain function Case-Control Studies clinical article clinical feature controlled study Craving Cues Decision-making dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Executive control Executive Function Female Forced break Functional Neuroimaging game addiction Gyrus Cinguli - diagnostic imaging Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology human Humans impulsiveness Internet Addiction Disorder - diagnostic imaging Internet Addiction Disorder - physiopathology Internet gaming disorder Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male parahippocampal gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus - diagnostic imaging Parahippocampal Gyrus - physiopathology Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Recreation self report task performance Video Games Young Adult
Title	Altered brain activities associated with cue reactivity during forced break in subjects with Internet gaming disorder
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