Analysis of volatile organic compounds from deep airway in the lung through intubation sampling

Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled a...

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Published inAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 414; no. 26; pp. 7647 - 7658
Main Authors Xu, Wei, Zhang, Jin, Ding, Houwen, Ding, Yueting, Zou, Xue, Yang, Min, Zhou, Qiang, Liu, Zhou, Zheng, Ling, Zuo, Heping, Ge, Dianlong, Zhang, Qiangling, Huang, Chaoqun, Shen, Chengyin, Chu, Yannan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2022
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
acetone
Acetonitrile
Analysis
Analytical Chemistry
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
breathing
bronchi
Bronchus
catheters
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical reactions
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Ethanol
Exhalation
Food
Food Science
Gas chromatography
Intubation
Isoprene
Laboratory Medicine
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Medical instruments
Metabolism
Methanethiol
methanol
Methods
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Mouth
nose
Organic compounds
phenol
Phenols
Protons
Research Paper
Residues
Respiratory tract
Sampling
Sampling methods
Scientific imaging
Spectroscopy
Trachea
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
China
VOCs
Intubation
PTR-MS
Deep airway
Exhaled breath
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Abstract Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice. Graphical abstract
AbstractList Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice.
Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice.Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice.
Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice. Graphical abstract
Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice. Graphical abstract
Audience Academic
Author Chu, Yannan
Zheng, Ling
Huang, Chaoqun
Liu, Zhou
Zuo, Heping
Xu, Wei
Shen, Chengyin
Ge, Dianlong
Zhang, Qiangling
Zhang, Jin
Zou, Xue
Yang, Min
Ding, Houwen
Zhou, Qiang
Ding, Yueting
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  fullname: Zhang, Jin
  organization: The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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  organization: The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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  organization: The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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  givenname: Dianlong
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  email: chyshen@aiofm.ac.cn
  organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  givenname: Yannan
  surname: Chu
  fullname: Chu, Yannan
  organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-27ac3c7f93cc07a74edab0af956a36ae9bea38a2012117fd34db85cce0b2b2963
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ISSN 1618-2642
1618-2650
IngestDate Sun Aug 24 04:12:32 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 04:05:00 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 11:02:32 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 22:09:43 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 21:03:59 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:30:11 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:13:29 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:44:21 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 26
Keywords VOCs
Intubation
PTR-MS
Deep airway
Exhaled breath
Language English
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PublicationTitle Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
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Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the...
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SubjectTerms acetone
Acetonitrile
Analysis
Analytical Chemistry
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
breathing
bronchi
Bronchus
catheters
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical reactions
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Ethanol
Exhalation
Food
Food Science
Gas chromatography
Intubation
Isoprene
Laboratory Medicine
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Medical instruments
Metabolism
Methanethiol
methanol
Methods
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Mouth
nose
Organic compounds
phenol
Phenols
Protons
Research Paper
Residues
Respiratory tract
Sampling
Sampling methods
Scientific imaging
Spectroscopy
Trachea
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Title Analysis of volatile organic compounds from deep airway in the lung through intubation sampling
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