Silicon solar cells: toward the efficiency limits
Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy starts to give an appreciable contribution to power generation in many countries, with more than 90% of the global PV market relying on solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). The current efficiency record of c-Si solar cells is 26.7%, against an...
Saved in:
| Published in | Advances in physics: X Vol. 4; no. 1; p. 1548305 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Abingdon
Taylor & Francis
01.01.2019
Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy starts to give an appreciable contribution to power generation in many countries, with more than 90% of the global PV market relying on solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). The current efficiency record of c-Si solar cells is 26.7%, against an intrinsic limit of ~29%. Current research and production trends aim at increasing the efficiency, and reducing the cost, of industrial modules. In this paper, we review the main concepts and theoretical approaches that allow calculating the efficiency limits of c-Si solar cells as a function of silicon thickness. For a given material quality, the optimal thickness is determined by a trade-off between the competing needs of high optical absorption (requiring a thicker absorbing layer) and of efficient carrier collection (best achieved by a thin silicon layer). The efficiency limits can be calculated by solving the transport equations in the assumption of optimal (Lambertian) light trapping, which can be achieved by inserting proper photonic structures in the solar cell architecture. The effects of extrinsic (bulk and surface) recombinations on the conversion efficiency are discussed. We also show how the main conclusions and trends can be described using relatively simple analytic models. Prospects for overcoming the 29% limit by means of silicon/perovskite tandems are briefly discussed. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy starts to give an appreciable contribution to power generation in many countries, with more than 90% of the global PV market relying on solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). The current efficiency record of c-Si solar cells is 26.7%, against an intrinsic limit of ~29%. Current research and production trends aim at increasing the efficiency, and reducing the cost, of industrial modules. In this paper, we review the main concepts and theoretical approaches that allow calculating the efficiency limits of c-Si solar cells as a function of silicon thickness. For a given material quality, the optimal thickness is determined by a trade-off between the competing needs of high optical absorption (requiring a thicker absorbing layer) and of efficient carrier collection (best achieved by a thin silicon layer). The efficiency limits can be calculated by solving the transport equations in the assumption of optimal (Lambertian) light trapping, which can be achieved by inserting proper photonic structures in the solar cell architecture. The effects of extrinsic (bulk and surface) recombinations on the conversion efficiency are discussed. We also show how the main conclusions and trends can be described using relatively simple analytic models. Prospects for overcoming the 29% limit by means of silicon/perovskite tandems are briefly discussed. |
| Author | Kowalczewski, Piotr Bozzola, Angelo Liscidini, Marco Andreani, Lucio Claudio Redorici, Lisa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lucio Claudio surname: Andreani fullname: Andreani, Lucio Claudio email: lucio.andreani@unipv.it organization: Department of Physics, University of Pavia – sequence: 2 givenname: Angelo surname: Bozzola fullname: Bozzola, Angelo organization: Department of Physics, University of Pavia – sequence: 3 givenname: Piotr surname: Kowalczewski fullname: Kowalczewski, Piotr organization: Department of Physics, University of Pavia – sequence: 4 givenname: Marco surname: Liscidini fullname: Liscidini, Marco organization: Department of Physics, University of Pavia – sequence: 5 givenname: Lisa surname: Redorici fullname: Redorici, Lisa organization: Department of Physics, University of Pavia |
| BookMark | eNqFkF1LXDEQhkNRqLX-hMIBr3ebOUnOR71pEauC4EXtdZhMEs2SPbFJRPbfe9ZVKF7o1Qwz8zwM7xe2N6XJMfYN-BL4wL-3opcdyHHZchiWoOQguPrEDrbzxXax91__mR2VsuKcQ9fPsDhg8CfEQGlqSoqYG3Ixlh9NTY-YbVPvXOO8DxTcRJsmhnWo5Svb9xiLO3qph-zv77Ob04vF1fX55emvqwVJBXVh2s64EVxPg2ndaNEaGHplyAgJkoZeklF2NBIEkBBouLItSgMSCRGNOGSXO69NuNL3Oawxb3TCoJ8HKd9qzDVQdFqIbtYbS-C9RIMDtb0buXfKcjN2YnYd71z3Of17cKXqVXrI0_y-boUCPmfXj_PVye6KciolO68pVKwhTTVjiBq43kauXyPX28j1S-Qzrd7Qrz9_xP3ccWHyKa_xMeVodcVNTNlnnCgULd5XPAGqWJl6 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1680_jemmr_22_00021 crossref_primary_10_1002_admi_202201856 crossref_primary_10_1002_gch2_202300306 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567036_2023_2254731 crossref_primary_10_1002_pssa_202300346 crossref_primary_10_3934_energy_2022053 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10853_024_10235_0 crossref_primary_10_1080_00150193_2021_2014267 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0218936 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsenergylett_1c01049 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ac9e78 crossref_primary_10_22531_muglajsci_1101048 crossref_primary_10_1002_cssc_202100981 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenrg_2022_1017293 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_cgd_3c00021 crossref_primary_10_1080_17512549_2022_2096693 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12206_022_0729_y crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_648X_acab4a crossref_primary_10_1080_10667857_2021_1940046 crossref_primary_10_1088_2515_7655_acff18 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_0c05707 crossref_primary_10_32603_1993_8985_2020_23_5_57_62 crossref_primary_10_1002_ente_202000843 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_4c04655 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsnano_3c10033 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0191133 crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_955_1_012076 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6463_ac5f32 crossref_primary_10_1109_TED_2023_3237995 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad032c crossref_primary_10_1039_D0CE00817F crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_20_014058 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPHOTOV_2021_3127447 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12633_024_02920_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_femat_2023_1174159 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_42447_w crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_0c10655 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_2c07846 crossref_primary_10_1021_jacs_3c12687 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202400674 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202101460 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_acf70a crossref_primary_10_1080_08927022_2023_2251604 crossref_primary_10_1117_1_JNP_17_036007 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_3c01384 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_503256 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_417652 crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202008145 crossref_primary_10_1364_AO_484502 crossref_primary_10_35848_1882_0786_abcd70 crossref_primary_10_1080_10667857_2021_1964215 crossref_primary_10_1002_pssa_202200622 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13123180 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202401689 crossref_primary_10_1364_OPTCON_477319 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_86175_5 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0049330 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_9b02210 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15249501 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0036024420130063 crossref_primary_10_1080_10584587_2022_2054062 crossref_primary_10_7498_aps_73_20240187 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13201_020_01301_4 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad7dc1 crossref_primary_10_1002_ente_202400998 crossref_primary_10_1002_admi_202200042 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaelm_1c00967 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202203183 crossref_primary_10_1002_pssa_202000796 crossref_primary_10_1002_ente_202100193 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0051245 crossref_primary_10_3788_LOP231986 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202201051 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202400014 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202400134 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2023_158535 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevMaterials_8_115402 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3513355 crossref_primary_10_1002_pssr_202000273 crossref_primary_10_1063_1_5091574 crossref_primary_10_7498_aps_72_20222209 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0086801 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ace2f6 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_3c04703 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaem_3c00735 crossref_primary_10_1364_AO_534999 crossref_primary_10_2109_jcersj2_23084 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_24236_6 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0086891 crossref_primary_10_1002_pssr_202200290 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202300376 crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202302899 crossref_primary_10_1002_mop_34268 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_30668_5 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202100486 crossref_primary_10_1088_2515_7655_acc7c8 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202300938 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_1c11245 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2022_3177703 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_SSP_301_183 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apmt_2024_102574 crossref_primary_10_3390_asi5040067 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202105184 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_1c11122 crossref_primary_10_1088_2515_7655_ada4dd crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_023_07066_2 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcb_0c06787 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemmater_1c03702 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_1c00539 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad6bd1 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_4c10572 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3062075 crossref_primary_10_3389_fchem_2021_733552 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12633_022_02163_y crossref_primary_10_1021_acsmaterialslett_1c00821 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202100594 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcb_5c00617 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_1c03460 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_0c00749 crossref_primary_10_3116_16091833_23_4_193_2022 crossref_primary_10_15251_JOR_2023_195_579 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202000641 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12633_024_02940_x crossref_primary_10_1002_adpr_202400019 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_5301790 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPHOTOV_2021_3113317 crossref_primary_10_15541_jim20200361 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202101383 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsagscitech_1c00241 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202400743 crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202004476 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0044508 crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202400711 crossref_primary_10_1002_ente_202100560 crossref_primary_10_1080_00150193_2022_2102832 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaem_2c00420 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_3c00618 crossref_primary_10_1103_PRXEnergy_2_013002 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPHOTOV_2021_3126106 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42341_019_00158_y crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_acd4ff crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202004832 crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1591_ab5ac7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2024_3450072 crossref_primary_10_1002_qua_27149 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_3c00645 crossref_primary_10_1051_epjconf_202227301013 crossref_primary_10_1093_oxfmat_itae012 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_403990 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42823_023_00617_w crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_55188_1 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpclett_9b00598 crossref_primary_10_1002_pip_3693 crossref_primary_10_1002_tcr_202300308 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_022_06069_9 crossref_primary_10_2174_0127723348280880240115054806 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.005 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.173901 10.1021/nn300287j 10.1109/T-ED.1984.21594 10.1364/JOSA.72.000899 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.06.009 10.1364/OE.20.00A560 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.049 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2695524 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2286521 10.1002/pip.2577 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488274 10.1063/1.4905183 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.031 10.1364/OE.24.029465 10.1063/1.368545 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199907/08)7:4<327::AID-PIP250>3.0.CO;2-B 10.1364/OE.21.017108 10.1038/nnano.2013.271 10.1063/1.4822105 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1324 10.1002/pip.2606 10.1002/pip.1129 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00107-5 10.1109/T-ED.1982.20700 10.1063/1.4809982 10.1002/pip.2385 10.1364/OE.22.00A111 10.1002/adma.201405511 10.1002/pip.464 10.1002/pip.2978 10.1063/1.3532099 10.1038/nmat4065 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035304 10.1364/OE.18.025008 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.012 10.1021/nl204550q 10.1002/pip.2639 10.1038/nenergy.2017.144 10.1142/p276 10.1364/JOSAB.30.000013 10.1063/1.4802442 10.1002/pip.892 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.06.033 10.1063/1.3488023 10.1002/adom.201400514 10.1063/1.1736034 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.054 10.1007/s003390100931 10.1364/AO.34.002476 10.1063/1.4867008 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2352151 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01240 10.1364/OE.20.00A224 10.1364/OE.20.00A465 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2618605 10.1039/C4EE00839A 10.7567/APEX.10.012302 10.1038/nmat3442 10.1002/pip.2762 10.1038/nenergy.2017.32 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000194 10.1063/1.1529297 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.165202 10.1088/2040-8978/18/5/054001 10.1364/OE.20.029488 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00405 10.1063/1.4823554 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2642640 10.1007/978-3-319-44278-5 10.1016/B978-0-08-054721-3.50032-0 10.1002/pssa.201431180 10.1021/ph4001586 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2270351 10.1073/pnas.1008296107 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.023825 10.1007/s00339-011-6617-4 10.1063/1.4714546 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2629840 10.1063/1.4926548 10.1063/1.4876223 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00364-8 10.1364/OE.19.00A865 10.1364/OL.37.002250 10.1002/admi.201700731 10.1002/pip.1257 10.1021/ph400140f 10.1038/ncomms3665 10.1002/pip.404 10.1038/nmat3503 10.1364/OE.22.00A542 10.1364/OE.15.016986 10.1364/OE.20.00A452 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199911/12)7:6<471::AID-PIP298>3.0.CO;2-7 10.1109/T-ED.1984.21588 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. 2018 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. 2018 – notice: 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | 0YH AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7XB 8FD 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ GUQSH H8D L7M M2O MBDVC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U DOA |
| DOI | 10.1080/23746149.2018.1548305 |
| DatabaseName | Taylor & Francis Open Access CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Technology Research Database ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Student Research Library Prep Aerospace Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Research Library Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Aerospace Database ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: 0YH name: Taylor & Francis Open Access url: https://www.tandfonline.com sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Physics |
| EISSN | 2374-6149 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_336adbbdc1ff4aba8c27e90fe5d0b963 10_1080_23746149_2018_1548305 1548305 |
| Genre | Review |
| GroupedDBID | 0YH 8G5 ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACUHS ADBBV AFKRA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AZQEC BCNDV BENPR CCPQU DWQXO EBS GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GUQSH H13 M2O M4Z M~E OK1 PIMPY PROAC TDBHL TFW AAFWJ AAYXX ADMLS AFPKN CITATION PHGZM PHGZT 3V. 7XB 8FD 8FK H8D L7M MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-b26be91e7c8b2e9dadb1875bcb3414c874cb5d9b4131c33ab05d2a4b14acaaab3 |
| IEDL.DBID | 0YH |
| ISSN | 2374-6149 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:32:17 EDT 2025 Sun Jun 29 16:18:52 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:13:48 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:57:57 EDT 2025 Wed Dec 25 09:08:42 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c451t-b26be91e7c8b2e9dadb1875bcb3414c874cb5d9b4131c33ab05d2a4b14acaaab3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23746149.2018.1548305 |
| PQID | 2351020179 |
| PQPubID | 3933228 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1080_23746149_2018_1548305 proquest_journals_2351020179 crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_23746149_2018_1548305 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_336adbbdc1ff4aba8c27e90fe5d0b963 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_23746149_2018_1548305 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-01-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2019 text: 2019-01-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Abingdon |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Abingdon |
| PublicationTitle | Advances in physics: X |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis Group |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd – name: Taylor & Francis Group |
| References | CIT0071 CIT0074 CIT0073 CIT0076 CIT0075 CIT0078 CIT0111 CIT0077 CIT0110 CIT0070 CIT0079 CIT0112 CIT0083 CIT0082 CIT0085 CIT0084 CIT0087 CIT0086 CIT0001 CIT0089 CIT0088 CIT0081 CIT0080 CIT0003 CIT0002 CIT0005 CIT0004 CIT0007 CIT0006 CIT0009 CIT0008 CIT0094 CIT0093 CIT0096 CIT0095 CIT0010 CIT0098 CIT0097 CIT0012 CIT0011 CIT0090 CIT0092 CIT0091 CIT0014 Smets A. (CIT0026) 2016 CIT0013 CIT0016 CIT0015 CIT0018 CIT0017 CIT0019 CIT0021 CIT0020 CIT0023 CIT0022 Green M. (CIT0108) 2003 CIT0025 CIT0024 CIT0027 CIT0029 CIT0028 CIT0030 CIT0032 Hovel H.J. (CIT0099); 11 CIT0031 CIT0034 CIT0033 CIT0036 CIT0035 CIT0038 CIT0037 CIT0039 CIT0041 CIT0040 CIT0043 CIT0042 CIT0045 CIT0044 Bozzola A. (CIT0072) 2014; 22 Zhang W. (CIT0106) 2016; 1 CIT0047 CIT0046 CIT0049 CIT0048 CIT0050 CIT0052 CIT0051 CIT0054 CIT0053 CIT0056 CIT0055 CIT0058 CIT0057 CIT0059 CIT0061 CIT0060 CIT0063 CIT0062 CIT0065 CIT0064 CIT0067 CIT0100 CIT0066 CIT0109 CIT0069 CIT0102 CIT0068 CIT0101 CIT0104 CIT0103 CIT0105 CIT0107 |
| References_xml | – ident: CIT0069 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.005 – ident: CIT0083 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.173901 – ident: CIT0057 doi: 10.1021/nn300287j – ident: CIT0010 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1984.21594 – ident: CIT0016 doi: 10.1364/JOSA.72.000899 – ident: CIT0019 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.06.009 – ident: CIT0038 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.00A560 – ident: CIT0092 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.049 – ident: CIT0051 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2695524 – ident: CIT0035 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2286521 – ident: CIT0049 doi: 10.1002/pip.2577 – ident: CIT0015 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488274 – ident: CIT0086 doi: 10.1063/1.4905183 – ident: CIT0068 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.031 – ident: CIT0066 doi: 10.1364/OE.24.029465 – ident: CIT0097 doi: 10.1063/1.368545 – ident: CIT0012 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199907/08)7:4<327::AID-PIP250>3.0.CO;2-B – ident: CIT0071 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.017108 – ident: CIT0001 – ident: CIT0075 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.271 – ident: CIT0040 doi: 10.1063/1.4822105 – ident: CIT0103 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1324 – ident: CIT0053 doi: 10.1002/pip.2606 – ident: CIT0090 doi: 10.1002/pip.1129 – ident: CIT0029 doi: 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00107-5 – ident: CIT0017 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1982.20700 – ident: CIT0044 doi: 10.1063/1.4809982 – volume: 22 start-page: 1237 year: 2014 ident: CIT0072 publication-title: Prog. Photovolt doi: 10.1002/pip.2385 – ident: CIT0045 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.00A111 – ident: CIT0091 doi: 10.1002/adma.201405511 – ident: CIT0013 doi: 10.1002/pip.464 – ident: CIT0007 doi: 10.1002/pip.2978 – ident: CIT0082 doi: 10.1063/1.3532099 – ident: CIT0105 doi: 10.1038/nmat4065 – ident: CIT0085 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035304 – ident: CIT0033 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025008 – ident: CIT0088 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.012 – ident: CIT0034 doi: 10.1021/nl204550q – ident: CIT0054 doi: 10.1002/pip.2639 – ident: CIT0112 doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.144 – ident: CIT0025 doi: 10.1142/p276 – ident: CIT0084 doi: 10.1364/JOSAB.30.000013 – ident: CIT0041 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.017108 – ident: CIT0043 doi: 10.1063/1.4802442 – ident: CIT0004 doi: 10.1002/pip.892 – ident: CIT0048 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.06.033 – ident: CIT0052 doi: 10.1063/1.3488023 – ident: CIT0076 doi: 10.1002/adom.201400514 – ident: CIT0009 doi: 10.1063/1.1736034 – ident: CIT0055 doi: 10.1364/OE.24.029465 – ident: CIT0102 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.054 – ident: CIT0022 doi: 10.1007/s003390100931 – ident: CIT0028 doi: 10.1364/AO.34.002476 – ident: CIT0027 doi: 10.1063/1.4867008 – volume-title: Third-Generation Photovoltaics year: 2003 ident: CIT0108 – ident: CIT0060 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.017108 – ident: CIT0005 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2352151 – ident: CIT0067 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01240 – ident: CIT0061 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.017108 – ident: CIT0023 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.00A224 – ident: CIT0037 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.00A465 – ident: CIT0094 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2618605 – ident: CIT0002 – ident: CIT0046 doi: 10.1039/C4EE00839A – ident: CIT0050 doi: 10.7567/APEX.10.012302 – ident: CIT0058 doi: 10.1038/nmat3442 – ident: CIT0093 doi: 10.1002/pip.2762 – ident: CIT0006 doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.32 – ident: CIT0077 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000194 – ident: CIT0101 doi: 10.1063/1.1529297 – ident: CIT0089 – ident: CIT0100 – ident: CIT0096 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.165202 – ident: CIT0098 doi: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/5/054001 – ident: CIT0039 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.029488 – ident: CIT0008 – ident: CIT0109 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00405 – ident: CIT0062 doi: 10.1063/1.4823554 – ident: CIT0095 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2642640 – ident: CIT0078 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-44278-5 – ident: CIT0021 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-054721-3.50032-0 – ident: CIT0065 doi: 10.1002/pssa.201431180 – ident: CIT0064 doi: 10.1021/ph4001586 – ident: CIT0020 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.017108 – ident: CIT0014 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2270351 – ident: CIT0079 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1008296107 – ident: CIT0032 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025008 – ident: CIT0031 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.023825 – ident: CIT0081 doi: 10.1007/s00339-011-6617-4 – volume: 11 volume-title: Semiconductors and Semimetals. Solar Cells ident: CIT0099 – ident: CIT0104 doi: 10.1063/1.4714546 – ident: CIT0111 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2629840 – ident: CIT0080 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025008 – volume: 1 year: 2016 ident: CIT0106 publication-title: Nat. Energy – ident: CIT0047 doi: 10.1063/1.4926548 – ident: CIT0087 doi: 10.1063/1.4876223 – ident: CIT0107 doi: 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00364-8 – ident: CIT0056 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A865 – ident: CIT0059 doi: 10.1364/OL.37.002250 – ident: CIT0110 doi: 10.1002/admi.201700731 – ident: CIT0042 doi: 10.1002/pip.1257 – ident: CIT0063 doi: 10.1021/ph400140f – ident: CIT0070 doi: 10.1038/ncomms3665 – ident: CIT0018 doi: 10.1002/pip.404 – ident: CIT0073 doi: 10.1038/nmat3503 – ident: CIT0074 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.00A542 – volume-title: Solar Energy year: 2016 ident: CIT0026 – ident: CIT0024 – ident: CIT0030 doi: 10.1364/OE.15.016986 – ident: CIT0036 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.00A452 – ident: CIT0003 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199911/12)7:6<471::AID-PIP298>3.0.CO;2-7 – ident: CIT0011 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1984.21588 |
| SSID | ssj0001670803 |
| Score | 2.5840027 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy starts to give an appreciable contribution to power generation in many countries, with more than 90% of the global... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1548305 |
| SubjectTerms | 78.20.Bh Theory 88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells 88.40.jj Silicon solar cells Absorption Computational efficiency Computing time Current efficiency Efficiency efficiency limits Energy conversion efficiency Lambertian light trapping numerical simulation 42.25.Bs Wave propagation optoelectronic simulations Perovskites Photovoltaic cells Silicon Silicon photovoltaics Solar cells Solar energy conversion Thickness thin-film solar cells transmission and absorption Transport equations Trends |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEA6yIHgRn7i6Sg9e6zZN2qbeVFwWQS-6sLeQSVIQllVs_f_OpO1S9LAXryEJ4ZtkXmS-YezaeSelyF3sUNXFEriJARSP8SWhP5FBngGlBp5f8vlCPi2z5aDVF_0Ja-mBW-CmQuTGATjLq0oaMMqmhS-TymcuAbw9pH3R5g2CqZBdyQt0hURfsqOSaSoKiaaIalO4onyKEtSybmCMAmf_L8bSPxo6mJ3ZAdvv_MXorj3nIdvx6yO2G_5t2vqY8df3FcpyHdUUokaUhq9voyb8hY3Qt4t8oIig-spoRbVM9QlbzB7fHuZx1wUhtjLjTQxpDr7kvrAKUl86RINjkAEW0ABJqwppIXMloDXiVggDSeZSg6hLY40xIE7ZaP2x9mcsSqzBUYxwykpI5QuiZkdpGITCAVrLMZM9HNp2FOHUqWKlecck2qOoCUXdoThmN5tlny1HxrYF94T1ZjJRXIcBFLzuBK-3CX7MyqGkdBMyHFXbjkSLLQeY9GLV3ZutcSbqp5Q01Pl_nO-C7eFmZZuumbBR8_XtL9GBaeAq3NUfMgvqIA priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1LS8QwEA66IngRn7i-6MFrtWnSNvUiKisiKOID9hYySSrCsrtu6_93ppuqKOipkD5oZ5J5fM18w9iR805KkbvYoamLJXATAyge40rCeCKDPAOCBm7v8utneTPMhgFwq8O2ys4mtobaTSxh5CepwNmT0vw5m77F1DWK_q6GFhqLbAlNsMLka-licHf_8IWy5AWGRKIr3VEJPqeQ6JKoRoUrwlWUoNZ135xSy93_g7n0l6Vu3c_VGlsNcWN0Plf0Olvw4w223O7ftPUm44-vI9TpOKopVY0Ijq9Po6bdExthjBf5liqC6iyjEdU01Vvs-WrwdHkdh24IsZUZb2JIc_Al94VVkPrSGQcckw2wgI5IWlVIC5krAb0St0IYSDKXGpS-NNYYA2Kb9caTsd9hUWINjmKmU1ZCKl8QRTtqxaAoHKDX7DPZiUPbQBVOHStGmgdG0U6KmqSogxT77PjztumcK-O_Gy5I1p8XE9V1OzCZveiwcrQQOX4qOMurShowyqaFL5PKZy4BNB99Vn7XlG5apKOatyXR4p8X2O_UqsParfXXTNv9-_QeW8FjOQdk9lmvmb37AwxRGjgM8_ADQpDhAw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Silicon solar cells: toward the efficiency limits |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23746149.2018.1548305 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2351020179 https://doaj.org/article/336adbbdc1ff4aba8c27e90fe5d0b963 |
| Volume | 4 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8QwEA6yi-BFfOL6WHrwWm2a9OVNxWURXMQH6ClkklSEZRVb_78zabu-kD14bMiUdibzZOYLY4fWWSlFakOLpi6UwHUIkPMQNQnjiQTSBKg0cDVJx_fy8iHpugmrtq2ScuiyAYrwtpqUW0PVdcQdxyKT6FVozITnVBrJBaGY9mM6rXiko8fxZ5klzZBEdLM7f1F_80oevP8HdOkvU-39z2iNrbaBY3DaSHqdLbnZBlv2DZym2mT89nmKQp0FFeWqAdXjq5Og9k2xAQZ5gfNYETRoGUxpqKnaYveji7vzcdhehxAamfA6hDgFV3CXmRxiV1htgWO2AQbQE0mTZ9JAYgtAt8SNEBqixMYa2S-10VqD2Ga92cvM7bAgMhpXMdUpSiFzlxFGO4pFIyssoNscMNmxQ5kWK5yurJgq3kKKdlxUxEXVcnHAjuZkrw1YxiKCM-L1fDNhXfuFl7cn1aqOEiLFXwVreFlKDTo3ceaKqHSJjQDtx4AVXyWlal_qKJt7SZRY8AH7nVhVq7wV7kRDFZOp2v3Hq_fYCj4WTblmn_Xqt3d3gAFMDUN_RIesf3Yxub4Z-jLAB29i56E |
| linkProvider | Taylor & Francis |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bTxUxEJ4gxMgL8RoOoPZBH1e32-6NxBBQyEHgxCgkvNVO2zUmJ-cAu4T4p_yNzuwFiCbyxGt3u2mnX7-ZznZmAN744LVWmY88UV2kUdoIsZAR7SSyJ1LMUmTXwNEkG5_oz6fp6QL8HmJh-FrlwIktUfu5Yx_5-0QRehLGz9bZecRVo_jv6lBCo4PFQfh1RUe2-sP-J1rft0myt3v8cRz1VQUip1PZRJhkGEoZcldgEkpvPUoy2tEhEbp2Ra4dpr5EYnfplLIYpz6xNAttnbUWFX33ASzRBGMigqWd3cmXrzdenSwnE0wNoUJFTOPONalAjomRBftxCsWl8m4pwbZWwF-ZUv_RDK2623sMK72dKrY7YD2BhTB7Cg_b-6Kufgby288pYWgmaj4aC3b_15uiae_gCrIpRWhTU3Bcp5hyDFX9HE7uRU4vYHE2n4VVELGz1Eonq7JSugg5p4QnFFgShUfS0iPQgziM61OTc4WMqZF9BtNBioalaHopjuDddbezLjfHXR12WNbXL3Nq7bZhfvHD9DvVKJXRVNE7WVXaoi1ckocyrkLqYyS6GkF5e6VM03pWqq4MilF3DGBjWFbTc0VtbpC99v_Hr-HR-Pjo0BzuTw7WYZnays4ZtAGLzcVleEnmUYOvekwK-H7f2-APcA0f_Q |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3JTsMwELVQEYgLYhWFAjlwDcSxs3Fjq8pWIUElOFke20FIVVs14f8ZO0nZhHrg6niiZMazauaZkCNtNOcs1r5GU-dzoNIHSKmPmoTxRARxBLY0cN-PewN-8xw13YRF3VZpc-i8Aopwttoq90TnTUfcScgSjl7FjpnQ1JZGUmZRTBejFH09HungpfdZZokTJGHN7M5f1N-8kgPv_wFd-stUO__TXSOrdeDonVWSXicLZrRBllwDpyo2CX18G6JQR15hc1XP1uOLU690TbEeBnmecVgRdtDSG9qhpmKLDLpXTxc9v74OwVc8oqUPYQwmoyZRKYQm01IDxWwDFKAn4ipNuIJIZ4BuiSrGJASRDiWyn0slpQS2TVqj8cjsEC9QElcx1clyxlOTWIx2FItEVmhAt9kmvGGHUDVWuL2yYihoDSnacFFYLoqai21yPCObVGAZ8wjOLa9nmy3WtVsYT19FrTqCsRh_FbSiec4lyFSFicmC3EQ6ALQfbZJ9lZQoXakjr-4lEWzOB3QasYpaeQvciYYqtKZq9x-vPiTLD5ddcXfdv90jK_gkqyo3HdIqp-9mH2OZEg7caf0ACYjnuA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Silicon+solar+cells%3A+toward+the+efficiency+limits&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+physics%3A+X&rft.au=Andreani%2C+Lucio+Claudio&rft.au=Bozzola%2C+Angelo&rft.au=Kowalczewski%2C+Piotr&rft.au=Liscidini%2C+Marco&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.eissn=2374-6149&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F23746149.2018.1548305&rft.externalDBID=0YH&rft.externalDocID=1548305 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2374-6149&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2374-6149&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2374-6149&client=summon |