The molecular virology of coronaviruses

Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...

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Published inThe Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 295; no. 37; pp. 12910 - 12934
Main Authors Hartenian, Ella, Nandakumar, Divya, Lari, Azra, Ly, Michael, Tucker, Jessica M., Glaunsinger, Britt A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 11.09.2020
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Subjects
Animals
Antigens, Viral - immunology
cellular immune response
coronavirus
Coronavirus - genetics
Coronavirus - immunology
Coronavirus - physiology
Coronavirus Infections - genetics
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
Coronavirus Infections - virology
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
innate immunity
JBC Reviews
pathogenesis
plus-stranded RNA virus
RNA polymerase
SARS-CoV-2
viral replication
virology
virus
virus entry
Virus Physiological Phenomena
cellular immune response
coronavirus
RNA polymerase
virus
viral replication
pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2
innate immunity
virology
plus-stranded RNA virus
virus entry
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
endoplasmic reticulum
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Abstract Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.
AbstractList Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.
Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.
Author Hartenian, Ella
Glaunsinger, Britt A.
Ly, Michael
Nandakumar, Divya
Tucker, Jessica M.
Lari, Azra
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ella
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9277-2152
  surname: Hartenian
  fullname: Hartenian, Ella
  organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Divya
  surname: Nandakumar
  fullname: Nandakumar, Divya
  organization: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Azra
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9649-8231
  surname: Lari
  fullname: Lari, Azra
  organization: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Ly
  fullname: Ly, Michael
  organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Jessica M.
  surname: Tucker
  fullname: Tucker, Jessica M.
  organization: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Britt A.
  surname: Glaunsinger
  fullname: Glaunsinger, Britt A.
  email: glaunsinger@berkeley.edu
  organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661197$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 37
Keywords cellular immune response
coronavirus
RNA polymerase
virus
viral replication
pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2
innate immunity
virology
plus-stranded RNA virus
virus entry
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
endoplasmic reticulum
Language English
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2020 Hartenian et al.
Published under exclusive license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Edited by Craig E. Cameron
These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antigens, Viral - immunology
cellular immune response
coronavirus
Coronavirus - genetics
Coronavirus - immunology
Coronavirus - physiology
Coronavirus Infections - genetics
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
Coronavirus Infections - virology
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
innate immunity
JBC Reviews
pathogenesis
plus-stranded RNA virus
RNA polymerase
SARS-CoV-2
viral replication
virology
virus
virus entry
Virus Physiological Phenomena
Title The molecular virology of coronaviruses
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661197
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2442214577
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7489918
Volume 295
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