Linking vegetation and soil functions during secondary forest succession in the Atlantic forest
•Carbon and nutrient cycling quickly recovered in the first 15 years of succession.•Levels of soil cover in primary forests were not reached after 80 years of succession.•Vegetation attributes converged to values found in primary forests.•Structural diversity and trait dominance are aboveground driv...
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| Published in | Forest ecology and management Vol. 457; p. 117696 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.02.2020
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| Abstract | •Carbon and nutrient cycling quickly recovered in the first 15 years of succession.•Levels of soil cover in primary forests were not reached after 80 years of succession.•Vegetation attributes converged to values found in primary forests.•Structural diversity and trait dominance are aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling.•Aboveground biomass is the main driver of litter accumulation.
Secondary forest succession can be an effective and low-cost strategy to increase forest cover and the associated biodiversity and soil functions. However, little is known about how soil functions develop during succession, and how vegetation attributes influence soil functions, especially in highly biodiverse and fragmented landscapes in the tropics. Here we assessed a wide range of indicators of taxonomic (e.g. number of tree species), structural (e.g. basal area, canopy openness) and functional diversity (e.g. community weighted means of functional traits) of tree species, as well as indicators for soil functions related to soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling and soil cover in secondary forest patches ranging from 5 to 80 years. Two recently abandoned agricultural fields were included as the starting point of forest succession and two primary forest patches served as references for the end point of forest succession. Four ecological hypotheses, centred around the role of functional diversity, structural diversity and biomass, were tested to explore mechanisms in which forest vegetation may influence soil functions. Most measures of structural, taxonomic and functional diversity converged to values found in primary forests after 25–50 years of succession, whereas functional composition changed from acquisitive to conservative species. Soil carbon and nutrient cycling showed a quick recovery to the levels of primary forests after 15 years of succession. Although soil cover also increased during succession, levels of primary forests were not reached within 80 years. Variation in tree height and trait dominance were identified as aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling, while aboveground biomass was the main driver of litter accumulation, and the associated soil cover and water retention. Our results indicate that secondary forest succession can lead to a relative fast recovery of nutrient and carbon cycling functions, but not of soil cover. Our findings highlight the essential role of secondary forests in providing multiple ecosystem services. These results can be used to inform management and reforestation programmes targeted at strengthening soil functions, such as soil cover, nutrient and carbon cycling. |
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| AbstractList | •Carbon and nutrient cycling quickly recovered in the first 15 years of succession.•Levels of soil cover in primary forests were not reached after 80 years of succession.•Vegetation attributes converged to values found in primary forests.•Structural diversity and trait dominance are aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling.•Aboveground biomass is the main driver of litter accumulation.
Secondary forest succession can be an effective and low-cost strategy to increase forest cover and the associated biodiversity and soil functions. However, little is known about how soil functions develop during succession, and how vegetation attributes influence soil functions, especially in highly biodiverse and fragmented landscapes in the tropics. Here we assessed a wide range of indicators of taxonomic (e.g. number of tree species), structural (e.g. basal area, canopy openness) and functional diversity (e.g. community weighted means of functional traits) of tree species, as well as indicators for soil functions related to soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling and soil cover in secondary forest patches ranging from 5 to 80 years. Two recently abandoned agricultural fields were included as the starting point of forest succession and two primary forest patches served as references for the end point of forest succession. Four ecological hypotheses, centred around the role of functional diversity, structural diversity and biomass, were tested to explore mechanisms in which forest vegetation may influence soil functions. Most measures of structural, taxonomic and functional diversity converged to values found in primary forests after 25–50 years of succession, whereas functional composition changed from acquisitive to conservative species. Soil carbon and nutrient cycling showed a quick recovery to the levels of primary forests after 15 years of succession. Although soil cover also increased during succession, levels of primary forests were not reached within 80 years. Variation in tree height and trait dominance were identified as aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling, while aboveground biomass was the main driver of litter accumulation, and the associated soil cover and water retention. Our results indicate that secondary forest succession can lead to a relative fast recovery of nutrient and carbon cycling functions, but not of soil cover. Our findings highlight the essential role of secondary forests in providing multiple ecosystem services. These results can be used to inform management and reforestation programmes targeted at strengthening soil functions, such as soil cover, nutrient and carbon cycling. Secondary forest succession can be an effective and low-cost strategy to increase forest cover and the associated biodiversity and soil functions. However, little is known about how soil functions develop during succession, and how vegetation attributes influence soil functions, especially in highly biodiverse and fragmented landscapes in the tropics. Here we assessed a wide range of indicators of taxonomic (e.g. number of tree species), structural (e.g. basal area, canopy openness) and functional diversity (e.g. community weighted means of functional traits) of tree species, as well as indicators for soil functions related to soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling and soil cover in secondary forest patches ranging from 5 to 80 years. Two recently abandoned agricultural fields were included as the starting point of forest succession and two primary forest patches served as references for the end point of forest succession. Four ecological hypotheses, centred around the role of functional diversity, structural diversity and biomass, were tested to explore mechanisms in which forest vegetation may influence soil functions. Most measures of structural, taxonomic and functional diversity converged to values found in primary forests after 25–50 years of succession, whereas functional composition changed from acquisitive to conservative species. Soil carbon and nutrient cycling showed a quick recovery to the levels of primary forests after 15 years of succession. Although soil cover also increased during succession, levels of primary forests were not reached within 80 years. Variation in tree height and trait dominance were identified as aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling, while aboveground biomass was the main driver of litter accumulation, and the associated soil cover and water retention. Our results indicate that secondary forest succession can lead to a relative fast recovery of nutrient and carbon cycling functions, but not of soil cover. Our findings highlight the essential role of secondary forests in providing multiple ecosystem services. These results can be used to inform management and reforestation programmes targeted at strengthening soil functions, such as soil cover, nutrient and carbon cycling. |
| ArticleNumber | 117696 |
| Author | Jamme, Delphin da Cruz Silva, Arthur Teixeira, Heitor Mancini Cardoso, Irene Maria Bianchi, Felix J.J.A. Peña-Claros, Marielos |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Heitor Mancini surname: Teixeira fullname: Teixeira, Heitor Mancini email: heitor.manciniteixeira@wur.nl organization: Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Irene Maria surname: Cardoso fullname: Cardoso, Irene Maria organization: Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Felix J.J.A. surname: Bianchi fullname: Bianchi, Felix J.J.A. organization: Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Arthur surname: da Cruz Silva fullname: da Cruz Silva, Arthur organization: Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Delphin surname: Jamme fullname: Jamme, Delphin organization: Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Marielos surname: Peña-Claros fullname: Peña-Claros, Marielos organization: Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Keywords | Chronosequence Nutrient cycling Carbon cycling Brazil Ecosystem services Soil cover Functional diversity Soil microbiology |
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| Snippet | •Carbon and nutrient cycling quickly recovered in the first 15 years of succession.•Levels of soil cover in primary forests were not reached after 80 years of... Secondary forest succession can be an effective and low-cost strategy to increase forest cover and the associated biodiversity and soil functions. However,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Brazil Carbon cycling Chronosequence Ecosystem services Functional diversity Nutrient cycling Soil cover Soil microbiology |
| Title | Linking vegetation and soil functions during secondary forest succession in the Atlantic forest |
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