Arousal and drug abuse

The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing durin...

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Published inBehavioural brain research Vol. 333; pp. 276 - 281
Main Authors Urbano, Francisco J., Bisagno, Verónica, Garcia-Rill, Edgar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 30.08.2017
Subjects
Animals
Arousal - physiology
Cocaine
Connexin 36
Dopamine
Humans
Modafinil
N- and P/Q-type calcium channels
Preconscious awareness
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Preconscious awareness
Cocaine
Dopamine
Modafinil
N- and P/Q-type calcium channels
Connexin 36
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Abstract The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing during both waking and REM sleep, the states manifesting arousal-related EEG activity. Two important discoveries in the PPN in the last 10 years are, 1) that some PPN cells are electrically coupled, and 2) every PPN cell manifests high threshold calcium channels that allow them to oscillate at beta/gamma band frequencies. The role of arousal in drug abuse is considered here in terms of the effects of drugs of abuse on these two mechanisms. Drug abuse and the perception of withdrawal/relapse are mediated by neurobiological processes that occur only when we are awake, not when we are asleep. These relationships focus on the potential role of arousal, more specifically of RAS electrical coupling and gamma band activity, in the addictive process as well as the relapse to drug use.
AbstractList The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing during both waking and REM sleep, the states manifesting arousal-related EEG activity. Two important discoveries in the PPN in the last 10 years are, 1) that some PPN cells are electrically coupled, and 2) every PPN cell manifests high threshold calcium channels that allow them to oscillate at beta/gamma band frequencies. The role of arousal in drug abuse is considered here in terms of the effects of drugs of abuse on these two mechanisms. Drug abuse and the perception of withdrawal/relapse are mediated by neurobiological processes that occur only when we are awake, not when we are asleep. These relationships focus on the potential role of arousal, more specifically of RAS electrical coupling and gamma band activity, in the addictive process as well as the relapse to drug use.
Author Urbano, Francisco J.
Bisagno, Verónica
Garcia-Rill, Edgar
AuthorAffiliation 2 IFIBYNE-CONICET, ININFA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
1 Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 IFIBYNE-CONICET, ININFA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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  givenname: Francisco J.
  surname: Urbano
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  givenname: Verónica
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  fullname: Bisagno, Verónica
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  givenname: Edgar
  surname: Garcia-Rill
  fullname: Garcia-Rill, Edgar
  email: GarciaRillEdgar@uams.edu
  organization: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Keywords Preconscious awareness
Cocaine
Dopamine
Modafinil
N- and P/Q-type calcium channels
Connexin 36
Language English
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Snippet The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Arousal - physiology
Cocaine
Connexin 36
Dopamine
Humans
Modafinil
N- and P/Q-type calcium channels
Preconscious awareness
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Title Arousal and drug abuse
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28729115
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1922507251
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5675166
Volume 333
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