Validation of Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular and Diabetic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia or Prediabetes—The MoKaRi II Randomized Controlled Study

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 9; p. 1261
• Main Authors: Braun, Theresa S., Drobner, Timo, Kipp, Kristin, Kiehntopf, Michael, Schlattmann, Peter, Lorkowski, Stefan, Dawczynski, Christine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.04.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body weight; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; clinical trials; Dextrose; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diet; Diet therapy; Dietary Supplements; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; Exercise; Fatty acids; Female; Fish oils; Fish Oils - administration & dosage; Food; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glycated Hemoglobin - metabolism; glycohemoglobin; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Health care; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hyperlipidemia; hypertriglyceridemia; Hypertriglyceridemia - blood; Hypertriglyceridemia - diet therapy; Insulin resistance; Intervention; Lifestyles; Lipids; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Low density lipoproteins; Male; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Nutrition research; Nuts; Obesity; Omega-3 fatty acids; Physiological aspects; Prediabetic state; Prediabetic State - blood; Prediabetic State - diet therapy; Prediabetic State - therapy; Questionnaires; risk; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic factors; triacylglycerols; Triglycerides - blood; Unsaturated fatty acids; Weight control; Western diets; Germany; hypertriglyceridemia; cardiovascular risk; diabetes mellitus type 2; prediabetes; fish oil supplementation; menu plans
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu16091261

Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are among the most important metabolic diseases globally. Diet plays a vital role in the development and progression of both clinical pictures. For the 10-week randomized, controlled, intervention study, 67 subjects with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (≥1.7 mmol/L) and 69 subjects with elevated fasting glucose concentrations (≥5.6 < 7.0 mmol/L) were recruited. The intervention groups received specially developed, individualized menu plans and regular counseling sessions to lower (A) TG or (B) fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c as well as other cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. The hypertriglyceridemia intervention group was further supplemented with fish oil (3.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The two control groups maintained a typical Western diet. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, and anthropometric data were collected. A follow-up examination was conducted after another 10 weeks. In both intervention groups, there were comparable significant reductions in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters. These results were, with a few exceptions, significantly more pronounced in the intervention groups than in the corresponding control groups (comparison of percentage change from baseline). In particular, body weight was reduced by 7.4% (6.4 kg) and 7.5% (5.9 kg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 19.8% (0.8 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.5 mmol/L), TG concentrations by 18.2% (0.3 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.2 mmol/L), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance by 31.8% (1.1) and 26.4% (0.9) (p < 0.05) in the hypertriglyceridemia and prediabetes intervention groups, respectively. Some of these changes were maintained until follow-up. In patients with elevated TG or fasting glucose, implementing individualized menu plans in combination with regular counseling sessions over 10 weeks led to a significant improvement in cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors.