Nature (almost) always prevails – challenging the status quo of artificial cycle frozen embryo transfers

• Published in: Reproductive biomedicine online Vol. 47; no. 6; p. 103352
• Main Authors: Santos-Ribeiro, Samuel, Godinho, Catarina M, Reis-Soares, Sérgio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Artificial cycle; Assisted reproductive technologies; Cryopreservation - methods; Embryo Transfer - methods; Female; Frozen embryo transfer; Humans; Natural cycle; Natural proliferative phase; Ovulation Induction - methods; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Retrospective Studies; Artificial cycle; Frozen embryo transfer; Natural proliferative phase; Assisted reproductive technologies; Natural cycle
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103352
• ISSN: 1472-6483; 1472-6491

Frozen embryo transfers (FET) have become increasingly popular in assisted reproductive technology (ART) due to advancements in cryopreservation techniques and the implementation of the ‘freeze-all’ strategy. The choice between artificial or natural cycles for FET preparation has been a subject of debate, considering factors such as endometrial receptivity, flexibility of scheduling and pregnancy outcomes. While artificial cycle protocols offer convenience and flexibility, studies have suggested potential drawbacks, including higher miscarriage rates and a greater risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. In contrast, natural cycle protocols involve a frequently demanding monitoring of both endometrial proliferation and follicular growth, which may lead to increased clinic visits and scheduling issues. Multiple strategies have been proposed to enhance the usage of natural cycle FET, including addressing anovulation through minimal stimulation, reducing cycle monitoring and exploring novel FET approaches. These novel approaches, such as widening the window for human chorionic gonadotrophin administration and the natural proliferative phase protocol, offer promising outcomes and increased convenience for patients. However, further research is needed to establish the optimal timing and effectiveness of these strategies. Overall, enhancing the practicality of natural cycle FETs is crucial for expanding their utilization during ART.