Experimental Assessment of Recycled Diesel Spill-Contaminated Domestic Wastewater Treated by Reed Beds for Irrigation of Sweet Peppers

The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 208 - 1
Main Authors Almuktar, Suhad, Scholz, Miklas
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 06.02.2016
MDPI
Subjects
Aggregates
Agricultural Irrigation - methods
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Ammonia
Biodegradation, Environmental
California
Capsicum - growth & development
Capsicum annuum
Chemical oxygen demand
Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods
Fruits
Gasoline
Harvest
Hydrocarbons
Irrigation
Mosses
Nitrogen
Objectives
Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects
Phosphorus
Poaceae
Potassium
Quality
Recycling
Studies
Waste Water - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Quality
Wetlands
INE, USA, California
water reclamation
nutrient
wetland
Capsicum annuum
sustainable agricultural water resource
vegetable
hydrocarbon
marketable yield
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI10.3390/ijerph13020208

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Abstract The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The design variables were aggregate diameter, contact time, resting time and chemical oxygen demand. The key objectives were to assess: (i) the suitability of different treated (recycled) wastewaters for irrigation; (ii) response of peppers in terms of growth when using recycled wastewater subject to different growth media and hydrocarbon contamination; and (iii) the economic viability of different experimental set-ups in terms of marketable yield. Ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, potassium and manganese concentrations in the irrigation water considerably exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds. A high yield in terms of economic return (marketable yield expressed in monetary value) was linked to raw wastewater and an organic growth medium, while the plants grown in organic medium and wetlands of large aggregate size, high contact and resting times, diesel-spill contamination and low inflow loading rate produced the best fruits in terms of their dimensions and fresh weights, indicating the role of diesel in reducing too high nitrogen concentrations.
AbstractList The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The design variables were aggregate diameter, contact time, resting time and chemical oxygen demand. The key objectives were to assess: (i) the suitability of different treated (recycled) wastewaters for irrigation; (ii) response of peppers in terms of growth when using recycled wastewater subject to different growth media and hydrocarbon contamination; and (iii) the economic viability of different experimental set-ups in terms of marketable yield. Ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, potassium and manganese concentrations in the irrigation water considerably exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds. A high yield in terms of economic return (marketable yield expressed in monetary value) was linked to raw wastewater and an organic growth medium, while the plants grown in organic medium and wetlands of large aggregate size, high contact and resting times, diesel-spill contamination and low inflow loading rate produced the best fruits in terms of their dimensions and fresh weights, indicating the role of diesel in reducing too high nitrogen concentrations.
The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The design variables were aggregate diameter, contact time, resting time and chemical oxygen demand. The key objectives were to assess: (i) the suitability of different treated (recycled) wastewaters for irrigation; (ii) response of peppers in terms of growth when using recycled wastewater subject to different growth media and hydrocarbon contamination; and (iii) the economic viability of different experimental set-ups in terms of marketable yield. Ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, potassium and manganese concentrations in the irrigation water considerably exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds. A high yield in terms of economic return (marketable yield expressed in monetary value) was linked to raw wastewater and an organic growth medium, while the plants grown in organic medium and wetlands of large aggregate size, high contact and resting times, diesel-spill contamination and low inflow loading rate produced the best fruits in terms of their dimensions and fresh weights, indicating the role of diesel in reducing too high nitrogen concentrations.The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The design variables were aggregate diameter, contact time, resting time and chemical oxygen demand. The key objectives were to assess: (i) the suitability of different treated (recycled) wastewaters for irrigation; (ii) response of peppers in terms of growth when using recycled wastewater subject to different growth media and hydrocarbon contamination; and (iii) the economic viability of different experimental set-ups in terms of marketable yield. Ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, potassium and manganese concentrations in the irrigation water considerably exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds. A high yield in terms of economic return (marketable yield expressed in monetary value) was linked to raw wastewater and an organic growth medium, while the plants grown in organic medium and wetlands of large aggregate size, high contact and resting times, diesel-spill contamination and low inflow loading rate produced the best fruits in terms of their dimensions and fresh weights, indicating the role of diesel in reducing too high nitrogen concentrations.
The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to irrigate Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet Pepper; California Wonder) commercially grown either in compost or sand within a laboratory environment. The design variables were aggregate diameter, contact time, resting time and chemical oxygen demand. The key objectives were to assess: (i) the suitability of different treated (recycled) wastewaters for irrigation; (ii) response of peppers in terms of growth when using recycled wastewater subject to different growth media and hydrocarbon contamination; and (iii) the economic viability of different experimental set-ups in terms of marketable yield. Ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, potassium and manganese concentrations in the irrigation water considerably exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds. A high yield in terms of economic return (marketable yield expressed in monetary value) was linked to raw wastewater and an organic growth medium, while the plants grown in organic medium and wetlands of large aggregate size, high contact and resting times, diesel-spill contamination and low inflow loading rate produced the best fruits in terms of their dimensions and fresh weights, indicating the role of diesel in reducing too high nitrogen concentrations.
Author Almuktar, Suhad
Scholz, Miklas
AuthorAffiliation Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester, Salford M5 4WT, UK; s.a.a.a.n.almuktar@edu.salford.ac.uk
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester, Salford M5 4WT, UK; s.a.a.a.n.almuktar@edu.salford.ac.uk
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_018_2629_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2018_02_127
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph15081776
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_022_04442_y
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Copyright Copyright Molecular Diversity Preservation International Feb 2016
2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 2016
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Issue 2
Keywords water reclamation
nutrient
wetland
Capsicum annuum
sustainable agricultural water resource
vegetable
hydrocarbon
marketable yield
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet The aim of this experimental study is to assess if urban wastewater treated by ten different greenhouse-based sustainable wetland systems can be recycled to...
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SubjectTerms Aggregates
Agricultural Irrigation - methods
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Ammonia
Biodegradation, Environmental
California
Capsicum - growth & development
Capsicum annuum
Chemical oxygen demand
Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods
Fruits
Gasoline
Harvest
Hydrocarbons
Irrigation
Mosses
Nitrogen
Objectives
Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects
Phosphorus
Poaceae
Potassium
Quality
Recycling
Studies
Waste Water - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Quality
Wetlands
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Title Experimental Assessment of Recycled Diesel Spill-Contaminated Domestic Wastewater Treated by Reed Beds for Irrigation of Sweet Peppers
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861370
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Volume 13
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