A Method for Navigating Cars in Multilevel Parking Facility
In this paper, we focus on multilevel parking facilities and propose a navigation system that minimizes the time required for cars to find vacant parking spaces. Parking zones at large parking facilities provide drivers conditions to drivers due to differences in distances from the entrance of the p...
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| Published in | Journal of Information Processing Vol. 23; no. 4; pp. 488 - 496 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Information Processing Society of Japan
01.01.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1882-6652 1882-6652 |
| DOI | 10.2197/ipsjjip.23.488 |
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| Abstract | In this paper, we focus on multilevel parking facilities and propose a navigation system that minimizes the time required for cars to find vacant parking spaces. Parking zones at large parking facilities provide drivers conditions to drivers due to differences in distances from the entrance of the parking facility or to the entrances of the shopping areas. This leads to many cars concentrating at some parking zones while other zones are not occupied. It is not easy for car drivers entering a large parking facility to know which parking zones are vacant. It is fairly common that parking facilities have indicators that show occupancy information to the drivers. However, since these indicators deliver the same information to all drivers, this method tends to make a new congested zone by sending many drivers to that zone. In this paper, we propose a system that provides each driver with a recommended route in the parking facility that minimizes the expected parking time. Our method estimates the occupancy of each zone from the information sensed by the cars that implement the proposed method. This information is collected to a server installed in the facility, and then the server disseminates the processed information to the cars. The cars then calculates the recommended route from this information. We conducted a simulation-based evaluation of the proposed method using a realistic model simulating a real parking facility in Nara. As a result, we confirmed that the proposed method reduced parking waiting time by 20%-70% even with low penetration ratio. |
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| AbstractList | In this paper, we focus on multilevel parking facilities and propose a navigation system that minimizes the time required for cars to find vacant parking spaces. Parking zones at large parking facilities provide drivers conditions to drivers due to differences in distances from the entrance of the parking facility or to the entrances of the shopping areas. This leads to many cars concentrating at some parking zones while other zones are not occupied. It is not easy for car drivers entering a large parking facility to know which parking zones are vacant. It is fairly common that parking facilities have indicators that show occupancy information to the drivers. However, since these indicators deliver the same information to all drivers, this method tends to make a new congested zone by sending many drivers to that zone. In this paper, we propose a system that provides each driver with a recommended route in the parking facility that minimizes the expected parking time. Our method estimates the occupancy of each zone from the information sensed by the cars that implement the proposed method. This information is collected to a server installed in the facility, and then the server disseminates the processed information to the cars. The cars then calculates the recommended route from this information. We conducted a simulation-based evaluation of the proposed method using a realistic model simulating a real parking facility in Nara. As a result, we confirmed that the proposed method reduced parking waiting time by 20%-70% even with low penetration ratio. |
| Author | Shibata, Naoki Kenmotsu, Masahiro Ito, Minoru Sun, Weihua Yasumoto, Keiichi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Shibata, Naoki organization: Nara Institute of Science and Technology – sequence: 1 fullname: Kenmotsu, Masahiro organization: Nara Institute of Science and Technology – sequence: 1 fullname: Sun, Weihua organization: Shiga University – sequence: 1 fullname: Ito, Minoru organization: Nara Institute of Science and Technology – sequence: 1 fullname: Yasumoto, Keiichi organization: Nara Institute of Science and Technology |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1145/501426.501428 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.179 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.58 10.3233/JCS-2007-15103 10.1145/1161064.1161070 10.1145/345910.345917 10.1109/SAINT-W.2007.98 10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832252 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.279 10.1109/ICC.2006.255631 10.1109/VTCFall.2012.6398911 10.1145/1287748.1287763 10.1109/SPCA.2006.297498 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062057 |
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| References | [16] Gu, Y., Lo, A. and Niemegeers, I.: A Survey of Indoor Positioning Systems for Wireless Personal Networks, Proc. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.11, No.1, pp.13-32 (2009). [10] Hubaux, J.P., Capkun, S. and Luo, J.: The security and privacy of smart vehicles, Proc. IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol.2, No.3, pp.49-55 (2004). [5] Bi, Y., Sun, L., Zhu, H., Yan, T. and Luo, Z.: A parking management system based on wireless sensor network, Proc. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, Vol.32, No.6, pp.38-45 (Nov. 2003). [1] Kenmotsu, M., Sun, W., Shibata, N., Yasumoto, K. and Ito, M.: Parking Navigation for Alleviating Congestion in Multilevel Parking Facility, Proc. 2012 IEEE 76th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2012-Fall), pp.1-5, DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2012.6398911 (Sep. 2012). (Quebec City, Canada) [8] Caliskan, M., Barthels, A., Scheuermann, B. and Mauve, M.: Predicting Parking Lot Occupancy in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, Proc. IEEE VTC 2007 Spring, pp.277-281 (2007). [7] Lu, R., Lin, X., Zhu, H. and Shen, X.: SPARK: A New VANET-based Smart Parking Scheme for Large Parking Lots, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2009), pp.1413-1421 (Apr. 2009). [24] Wang, H., He, W. and Liu, X.: A Reservation-based Smart Parking System, Proc. IEEE Workshop on Cyber-Physical Networking Systems (CPNS) in Conjunction with INFOCOM (2011). [18] Priyantha, N., Chakraborty, A. and Balakrishnan, H.: The cricket location support system, Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp.32-43 (Aug. 2000). [32] Raya, M. and Hubaux, J.P.: Securing vehicular ad hoc networks, Proc. Journal of Computer Security, Vol.15, No.1, pp.39-68 (2007). [21] Ravi, N. and Iftode, L.: Fiatlux: Fingerprinting rooms using light intensity, Proc. Pervasive (2007). [11] Lott, M., Halfmann, R., Schultz, E. and Radimirsch, M.: Medium access and radio resource management for ad hoc networks based on UTRA TDD, Proc. ACM MobiHoc 2001, pp.76-86 (Oct. 2001). [25] Zhang, Q.: Study of Agent-Based Simulation of Parking Management System of Intelligent Residence, Proc. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Vol.129, pp.629-634 (2012). [14] Panayappan, R., Trivedi, J., Studer, A. and Perrig, A.: VANET-based approach for parking space availability, Proc. 4th ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2007), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp.75-76 (Sep. 2007). [9] Peng, Y., Abichar, Z. and Chang, J.M.: Roadside-aided routing (RAR) in vehicular networks, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2006), Vol.8, pp.3602-3607, Istanbul, Turkey (June 2006). [30] Lin, X., Sun, X., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: GSIS: A secure and privacypreserving protocol for vehicular communications, Proc. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol.56, No.6, pp.3442-3456 (2007). [15] Abbott, E. and Powell, D.: Land-vehicle Navigation Using GPS, Proc. IEEE, Vol.87, pp.145-162 (2002). [22] Kenmotsu, M., Sun, W., Shibata, N., Yasumoto, K. and Ito, M.: A Propose of Quick Parking Navigation Based on Parking Prediction, Proc. IPSJ ITS Technical Report 2011, Vol.2011-ITS-44, No.13, pp.1-8 (2011). [6] Tang, V., Zheng, Y. and Cao, J.: An intelligent car park management system based on wireless sensor networks, Proc. 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications, Urumchi, Xinjiang, P.R. China, pp.65-70 (Aug. 2006). [3] Iwasaki, Y. and Itoyama, H.: Real-time Vehicle Detection Using Information of Shadows Underneath Vehicles, Proc. IETA, pp.93-97 (2005). [13] Xu, Q., Mak, T., Ko, J. and Sengupta, R.: Medium access control protocol design for vehicle-vehicle safety messages, Proc. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol.56, No.2, pp.499-518 (2007). [2] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ITS homepage, available from <http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/ITS/j-html/>. [27] Mathur, S., Jin, T., Kasturirangen, N., Chandrasekaran, J., Xue, W., Gruteser, M. and Trappe, W.: ParkNet: Drive-by sensing of road-side parking statistics, Proc. 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, pp.123-136 (2010). [12] Caliskan, M., Graupner, D. and Mauve, M.: Decentralized discovery of free parking places, Proc. 3rd ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2006), Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp.30-39 (Sep. 2006). [28] Song, H., Zhu, S. and Cao, G.: SVATS: A sensor-network-based Vehicle Anti-Theft System, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). [23] Geng, Y.: A new “smart parking” system based on optimal resource allocation and reservations, Proc. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), pp.979-984 (2011). [4] Chinrungrueng, J., Sunantachaikul, U. and Triamlumlerd, S.: Smart parking: An application of opticalwireless sensor network, Proc. 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW'07), Hiroshima, Japan, pp.66-69 (Jan. 2007). [19] Niculescu, D. and Nath, B.: Ad hoc positioning system (APS), Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pp.2926-2931 (2001). [31] Lu, R., Lin, X., Zhu, H., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: ECPP: Efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol for secure vehicular communications, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). [17] Bahl, P. and Padmanabhan, V.: RADAR: An in-building RFbased user location and tracking system, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp.775-784 (Mar. 2000). [26] Hanif, N. and Badiozaman, M.H.: Smart parking reservation system using short message services (SMS), Proc. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), pp.1-5 (2010). [29] Zhang, C., Lu, R., Lin, X., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: An efficient identitybased batch verification scheme for vehicular sensor networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). [20] Azizyan, M., Constandache, I. and Choudhury, R.R.: Surroundsense: Mobile phone localization via ambience fingerprinting, Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp.261-272 (2009). 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 32 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: [7] Lu, R., Lin, X., Zhu, H. and Shen, X.: SPARK: A New VANET-based Smart Parking Scheme for Large Parking Lots, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2009), pp.1413-1421 (Apr. 2009). – reference: [11] Lott, M., Halfmann, R., Schultz, E. and Radimirsch, M.: Medium access and radio resource management for ad hoc networks based on UTRA TDD, Proc. ACM MobiHoc 2001, pp.76-86 (Oct. 2001). – reference: [31] Lu, R., Lin, X., Zhu, H., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: ECPP: Efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol for secure vehicular communications, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). – reference: [16] Gu, Y., Lo, A. and Niemegeers, I.: A Survey of Indoor Positioning Systems for Wireless Personal Networks, Proc. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.11, No.1, pp.13-32 (2009). – reference: [12] Caliskan, M., Graupner, D. and Mauve, M.: Decentralized discovery of free parking places, Proc. 3rd ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2006), Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp.30-39 (Sep. 2006). – reference: [27] Mathur, S., Jin, T., Kasturirangen, N., Chandrasekaran, J., Xue, W., Gruteser, M. and Trappe, W.: ParkNet: Drive-by sensing of road-side parking statistics, Proc. 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, pp.123-136 (2010). – reference: [23] Geng, Y.: A new “smart parking” system based on optimal resource allocation and reservations, Proc. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), pp.979-984 (2011). – reference: [29] Zhang, C., Lu, R., Lin, X., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: An efficient identitybased batch verification scheme for vehicular sensor networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). – reference: [28] Song, H., Zhu, S. and Cao, G.: SVATS: A sensor-network-based Vehicle Anti-Theft System, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'08, Phoenix, AZ, USA, (Apr. 2008). – reference: [2] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ITS homepage, available from <http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/ITS/j-html/>. – reference: [10] Hubaux, J.P., Capkun, S. and Luo, J.: The security and privacy of smart vehicles, Proc. IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol.2, No.3, pp.49-55 (2004). – reference: [25] Zhang, Q.: Study of Agent-Based Simulation of Parking Management System of Intelligent Residence, Proc. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Vol.129, pp.629-634 (2012). – reference: [32] Raya, M. and Hubaux, J.P.: Securing vehicular ad hoc networks, Proc. Journal of Computer Security, Vol.15, No.1, pp.39-68 (2007). – reference: [9] Peng, Y., Abichar, Z. and Chang, J.M.: Roadside-aided routing (RAR) in vehicular networks, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2006), Vol.8, pp.3602-3607, Istanbul, Turkey (June 2006). – reference: [18] Priyantha, N., Chakraborty, A. and Balakrishnan, H.: The cricket location support system, Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp.32-43 (Aug. 2000). – reference: [14] Panayappan, R., Trivedi, J., Studer, A. and Perrig, A.: VANET-based approach for parking space availability, Proc. 4th ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 2007), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp.75-76 (Sep. 2007). – reference: [20] Azizyan, M., Constandache, I. and Choudhury, R.R.: Surroundsense: Mobile phone localization via ambience fingerprinting, Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp.261-272 (2009). – reference: [26] Hanif, N. and Badiozaman, M.H.: Smart parking reservation system using short message services (SMS), Proc. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), pp.1-5 (2010). – reference: [17] Bahl, P. and Padmanabhan, V.: RADAR: An in-building RFbased user location and tracking system, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp.775-784 (Mar. 2000). – reference: [22] Kenmotsu, M., Sun, W., Shibata, N., Yasumoto, K. and Ito, M.: A Propose of Quick Parking Navigation Based on Parking Prediction, Proc. IPSJ ITS Technical Report 2011, Vol.2011-ITS-44, No.13, pp.1-8 (2011). – reference: [21] Ravi, N. and Iftode, L.: Fiatlux: Fingerprinting rooms using light intensity, Proc. Pervasive (2007). – reference: [15] Abbott, E. and Powell, D.: Land-vehicle Navigation Using GPS, Proc. IEEE, Vol.87, pp.145-162 (2002). – reference: [4] Chinrungrueng, J., Sunantachaikul, U. and Triamlumlerd, S.: Smart parking: An application of opticalwireless sensor network, Proc. 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW'07), Hiroshima, Japan, pp.66-69 (Jan. 2007). – reference: [1] Kenmotsu, M., Sun, W., Shibata, N., Yasumoto, K. and Ito, M.: Parking Navigation for Alleviating Congestion in Multilevel Parking Facility, Proc. 2012 IEEE 76th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2012-Fall), pp.1-5, DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2012.6398911 (Sep. 2012). (Quebec City, Canada) – reference: [6] Tang, V., Zheng, Y. and Cao, J.: An intelligent car park management system based on wireless sensor networks, Proc. 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications, Urumchi, Xinjiang, P.R. China, pp.65-70 (Aug. 2006). – reference: [3] Iwasaki, Y. and Itoyama, H.: Real-time Vehicle Detection Using Information of Shadows Underneath Vehicles, Proc. IETA, pp.93-97 (2005). – reference: [30] Lin, X., Sun, X., Ho, P.-H. and Shen, X.: GSIS: A secure and privacypreserving protocol for vehicular communications, Proc. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol.56, No.6, pp.3442-3456 (2007). – reference: [5] Bi, Y., Sun, L., Zhu, H., Yan, T. and Luo, Z.: A parking management system based on wireless sensor network, Proc. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, Vol.32, No.6, pp.38-45 (Nov. 2003). – reference: [13] Xu, Q., Mak, T., Ko, J. and Sengupta, R.: Medium access control protocol design for vehicle-vehicle safety messages, Proc. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol.56, No.2, pp.499-518 (2007). – reference: [19] Niculescu, D. and Nath, B.: Ad hoc positioning system (APS), Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pp.2926-2931 (2001). – reference: [24] Wang, H., He, W. and Liu, X.: A Reservation-based Smart Parking System, Proc. IEEE Workshop on Cyber-Physical Networking Systems (CPNS) in Conjunction with INFOCOM (2011). – reference: [8] Caliskan, M., Barthels, A., Scheuermann, B. and Mauve, M.: Predicting Parking Lot Occupancy in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, Proc. IEEE VTC 2007 Spring, pp.277-281 (2007). – ident: 2 – ident: 11 doi: 10.1145/501426.501428 – ident: 31 doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.179 – ident: 29 doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.58 – ident: 10 – ident: 16 – ident: 32 doi: 10.3233/JCS-2007-15103 – ident: 24 – ident: 12 doi: 10.1145/1161064.1161070 – ident: 18 doi: 10.1145/345910.345917 – ident: 20 – ident: 26 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1109/SAINT-W.2007.98 – ident: 22 – ident: 3 – ident: 5 – ident: 17 doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832252 – ident: 28 doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2007.279 – ident: 19 – ident: 13 – ident: 15 – ident: 30 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1109/ICC.2006.255631 – ident: 1 doi: 10.1109/VTCFall.2012.6398911 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1145/1287748.1287763 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1109/SPCA.2006.297498 – ident: 7 doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062057 – ident: 8 – ident: 21 – ident: 27 – ident: 25 – ident: 23 |
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| SubjectTerms | Cars Computer simulation crowded parking Drivers Entrances Indicators Multilevel multilevel parking facility Parking parking route Servers |
| Title | A Method for Navigating Cars in Multilevel Parking Facility |
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