Risk assessment of Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) permethrin-impregnated battle dress uniforms (BDU)

• Published in: International journal of hygiene and environmental health Vol. 211; no. 1; pp. 88 - 104
• Main Authors: Appel, Klaus E., Gundert-Remy, Ursula, Fischer, Horst, Faulde, Michael, Mross, Klaus G., Letzel, Stephan, Rossbach, Bernd
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Jena Elsevier GmbH 01.03.2008; Elsevier
• Subjects: Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding; Arthropoda; Battle dress uniforms; Biological and medical sciences; Dermal exposure; Environment. Living conditions; Germany; Health effects; Human biomonitoring; Humans; Impregnation; Insecticides - adverse effects; Insecticides - analysis; Medical sciences; Migration rate; Military Personnel; Miscellaneous; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects; Occupational Exposure - analysis; Permethrin; Permethrin - adverse effects; Permethrin - analysis; Protective Clothing; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Risk Assessment; Skin Absorption; Toxicology; Europe; Germany; Afghanistan; Impregnation; Toxicology; Battle dress uniforms; Permethrin; Migration rate; Risk assessment; Dermal exposure; Human biomonitoring; Health effects; Insecticide; Political aspect; Pyrethroids; Risk; German; Biological monitoring; Percutaneous route; Health policy; Health and environment; Public health; Army; Government; Pesticides; Military environment; Risk factor; Parasiticide; Environmental medicine; Topical administration

In an age when vector-borne diseases are emerging worldwide, personal protective measures are essential for shielding soldiers and other exposed persons from arthropod attack. The development of permethrin-impregnated clothing has been one recent advance in protecting persons at-risk. However, to da...