Predictive modeling of crystal accumulation in high-level waste glass melters processing radioactive waste
The effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of spinel crystals [(Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn)(Fe, Cr)2O4] in the glass discharge riser of Joule-heated ceramic melters during idling. These crystals do n...
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| Published in | Journal of nuclear materials Vol. 495; pp. 322 - 331 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.11.2017
Elsevier BV Elsevier |
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| Abstract | The effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of spinel crystals [(Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn)(Fe, Cr)2O4] in the glass discharge riser of Joule-heated ceramic melters during idling. These crystals do not affect glass durability; however, if accumulated in thick layers, they can clog the melter and prevent discharge of molten glass into canisters. To address this problem, an empirical model was developed that can predict thicknesses of accumulated layers as a function of glass composition. This model predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and/or small-scale agglomerates, but excessive agglomeration observed in high-Ni-Fe glass resulted in an underprediction of accumulated layers, which gradually worsened over time as an increased number of agglomerates formed. The accumulation rate of ∼53.8 ± 3.7 μm/h determined for this glass will result in a ∼26 mm-thick layer after 20 days of melter idling.
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•Spinel formers can encourage high agglomeration of crystals, producing thick layers.•Liquidus temperature constraint cannot prevent crystal accumulation.•Model developed predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and small agglomerates.•Noble metals optimization of concentration can eliminate crystal accumulation. |
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| AbstractList | The effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of spinel crystals [(Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn)(Fe, Cr)2O4] in the glass discharge riser of Joule-heated ceramic melters during idling. These crystals do not affect glass durability; however, if accumulated in thick layers, they can clog the melter and prevent discharge of molten glass into canisters. To address this problem, an empirical model was developed that can predict thicknesses of accumulated layers as a function of glass composition. This model predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and/or small-scale agglomerates, but excessive agglomeration observed in high-Ni-Fe glass resulted in an underprediction of accumulated layers, which gradually worsened over time as an increased number of agglomerates formed. The accumulation rate of ~53.8 ± 3.7 µm/h determined for this glass will result in a ~26 mm-thick layer after 20 days of melter idling. The effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of spinel crystals [(Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn)(Fe, Cr)2O4] in the glass discharge riser of Joule-heated ceramic melters during idling. These crystals do not affect glass durability; however, if accumulated in thick layers, they can clog the melter and prevent discharge of molten glass into canisters. To address this problem, an empirical model was developed that can predict thicknesses of accumulated layers as a function of glass composition. This model predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and/or small-scale agglomerates, but excessive agglomeration observed in high-Ni-Fe glass resulted in an underprediction of accumulated layers, which gradually worsened over time as an increased number of agglomerates formed. The accumulation rate of ∼53.8 ± 3.7 μm/h determined for this glass will result in a ∼26 mm-thick layer after 20 days of melter idling. [Display omitted] •Spinel formers can encourage high agglomeration of crystals, producing thick layers.•Liquidus temperature constraint cannot prevent crystal accumulation.•Model developed predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and small agglomerates.•Noble metals optimization of concentration can eliminate crystal accumulation. We present that the effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of spinel crystals [(Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn)(Fe, Cr)2O4] in the glass discharge riser of Joule-heated ceramic melters during idling. These crystals do not affect glass durability; however, if accumulated in thick layers, they can clog the melter and prevent discharge of molten glass into canisters. To address this problem, an empirical model was developed that can predict thicknesses of accumulated layers as a function of glass composition. This model predicts well the accumulation of single crystals and/or small-scale agglomerates, but excessive agglomeration observed in high-Ni-Fe glass resulted in an underprediction of accumulated layers, which gradually worsened over time as an increased number of agglomerates formed. In conclusion, the accumulation rate of ~53.8 ± 3.7 μm/h determined for this glass will result in a ~26 mm-thick layer after 20 days of melter idling. |
| Author | Matyáš, Josef Sannoh, Sulaiman E. Gervasio, Vivianaluxa Kruger, Albert A. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1002/9781118371435.ch11 10.1002/9781118144527.ch19 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00121-5 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07140.x 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.03.025 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90379-Y 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00705-0 10.1023/A:1021081126162 10.1002/9781119190042.ch5 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.03.039 10.1002/9780470930991.ch5 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00010-3 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01325-X 10.1029/2000GL012184 |
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| Snippet | The effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by precipitation/accumulation of... We present that the effectiveness of high-level waste vitrification at Hanford's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant may be limited by... |
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| SubjectTerms | Accumulation Agglomerates Agglomeration Cans Chemical precipitation Crystals Discharge Glass Immobilization MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES Manganese MATERIALS SCIENCE Mathematical models Nickel Radioactive wastes Single crystals Vitrification Waste treatment |
| Title | Predictive modeling of crystal accumulation in high-level waste glass melters processing radioactive waste |
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