α-Tocopherol disappearance rates from plasma depend on lipid concentrations: studies using deuterium-labeled collard greens in younger and older adults
Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water (²H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled (²H...
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| Published in | The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 101; no. 4; pp. 752 - 759 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Society for Clinical Nutrition
01.04.2015
American Society for Nutrition |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water (²H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled (²H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study. Design: Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g ²H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg ²H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and ²H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h. Results: Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma ²H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated ²H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, ²H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044). Conclusions: Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the ²H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232. |
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| AbstractList | Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water (²H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled (²H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study. Design: Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g ²H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg ²H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and ²H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h. Results: Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma ²H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated ²H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, ²H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044). Conclusions: Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the ²H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232. Little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age. To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water ((2)H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled ((2)H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study. Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g (2)H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg (2)H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and (2)H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h. Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma (2)H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, (2)H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044). Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232. Little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age.BACKGROUNDLittle is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age.To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water ((2)H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled ((2)H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water ((2)H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled ((2)H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study.Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g (2)H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg (2)H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and (2)H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h.DESIGNYounger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g (2)H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg (2)H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and (2)H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h.Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma (2)H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, (2)H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044).RESULTSTimes (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma (2)H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, (2)H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044).Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232.CONCLUSIONSParadoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232. Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water ( 2 H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled ( 2 H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study. Design: Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g 2 H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg 2 H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and 2 H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h. Results: Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma 2 H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated 2 H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes ( n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids ( r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, 2 H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids ( r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044). Conclusions: Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the 2 H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232. |
| Author | Fu, Xueyan Saltzman, Edward Grusak, Michael A Traber, Maret G Bobe, Gerd Leonard, Scott W Booth, Sarah L |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739929$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | pharmacokinetics cholesterol triacylglycerides bioavailability age vitamin E |
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| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100966 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA. Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (cooperative agreements 58-1950-7-707 and 58-6250-0-008 and the NIH [R01DK69341 (to SLB) and DK081761 (to MGT)]. Hermes Arzneimittel GmbH, Munich, Germany, generously donated the supplements used in this study. The internal standard, α-tocotrienol used for mass spectrometry was a gift from Tomohiro Saito of Eisai Food and Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. |
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Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;105(2):543 |
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| Snippet | Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the... Little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age. To evaluate the α-tocopherol... Little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age.BACKGROUNDLittle is known about... Background: Little is known about α-tocopherol’s bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject’s age. Objective: To evaluate the... |
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| SubjectTerms | absorption Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over alpha-tocopherol alpha-Tocopherol - blood alpha-Tocopherol - pharmacokinetics bioavailability Biological Availability blood blood lipids Body Mass Index Brassica - chemistry breakfast Cholesterol - blood Chromatography, Liquid clinical nutrition collard greens Deuterium elderly fasting Female food composition half life Humans lipids liquid chromatography Male Mass Spectrometry men Middle Aged Models, Theoretical Postprandial Period Triglycerides - blood vitamin K Vitamin K - blood Vitamins, Minerals, and Phytochemicals women Young Adult |
| Title | α-Tocopherol disappearance rates from plasma depend on lipid concentrations: studies using deuterium-labeled collard greens in younger and older adults |
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