The role of mitochondrial sirtuins in health and disease

Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety...

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Published inFree radical biology & medicine Vol. 100; pp. 164 - 174
Main Authors Osborne, Brenna, Bentley, Nicholas L., Montgomery, Magdalene K., Turner, Nigel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2016
Subjects
Acylation
Ageing
Aging
Animals
Humans
Metabolic Diseases - enzymology
Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - enzymology
Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
Neoplasms - enzymology
Neoplasms - physiopathology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - enzymology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
SIRT3
SIRT4
SIRT5
Sirtuins
Sirtuins - metabolism
Sirtuins
NF-κβ
NAFLD
PTM
GDH
SDHa
mPTP
Mitochondria
OPA1
PDH
HMGCS2
PGC1 α
WT
ANT2/ANT3
BMI
HI/HA
Acylation
NDUFA9
G6PD
KO
NSCLC
TCA cycle
Ageing
IDH2
T2D
STACs
SIRT4
SIRT5
SOD2
Metabolism
CR
MCD
MEF
SOD1
SIRT3
AceCS2
CPS1
ROS
AMPK
LCAD
FOXO3a
ATP
GAPDH
mtHsp60
CtBP
OTC
UOX
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Abstract Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field. [Display omitted] •SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 modulate acyl modifications such as acetylation and succinylation.•Mitochondrial SIRTs are implicated in metabolism, mitochondrial fidelity, and cell stress.•Alterations in the expression/activity of SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 are linked with disease.•Questions remain about the potential of mitochondrial SIRTs as therapeutic targets.
AbstractList Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field. [Display omitted] •SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 modulate acyl modifications such as acetylation and succinylation.•Mitochondrial SIRTs are implicated in metabolism, mitochondrial fidelity, and cell stress.•Alterations in the expression/activity of SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 are linked with disease.•Questions remain about the potential of mitochondrial SIRTs as therapeutic targets.
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field.
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field.Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field.
Author Turner, Nigel
Montgomery, Magdalene K.
Bentley, Nicholas L.
Osborne, Brenna
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Brenna
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  givenname: Nicholas L.
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  fullname: Bentley, Nicholas L.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Magdalene K.
  surname: Montgomery
  fullname: Montgomery, Magdalene K.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Nigel
  surname: Turner
  fullname: Turner, Nigel
  email: n.turner@unsw.edu.au
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164052$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process...
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SubjectTerms Acylation
Ageing
Aging
Animals
Humans
Metabolic Diseases - enzymology
Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - enzymology
Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
Neoplasms - enzymology
Neoplasms - physiopathology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - enzymology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
SIRT3
SIRT4
SIRT5
Sirtuins
Sirtuins - metabolism
Title The role of mitochondrial sirtuins in health and disease
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.197
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164052
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1826679792
Volume 100
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