A review on microplastic emission from textile materials and its reduction techniques
•Sources, and pathways of microplastic pollution in the environments were discussed.•Influence of fiber fragments pollution and their threat to the ecology, pathway of fiber fragments in the food chain and their impact of human health are briefly explained.•The various parameters and their influence...
Saved in:
| Published in | Polymer degradation and stability Vol. 199; p. 109901 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2022
Elsevier BV |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | •Sources, and pathways of microplastic pollution in the environments were discussed.•Influence of fiber fragments pollution and their threat to the ecology, pathway of fiber fragments in the food chain and their impact of human health are briefly explained.•The various parameters and their influence on fiber fragments generation are discussed.•Different techniques for the reduction of fiber fragments from textiles are presented.
The production and consumption of textiles is continuously increasing due to the growth of population and fast fashion. Fiber fragments (1 µm–5 mm) released from garments and home textiles during washing, drying, and wearing are considered a new source of environmental pollution and health hazard. Fiber fragments can be ingested by aquatic animals and substantially threaten their metabolic activities. Small fiber fragments can also enter our food chain by the consumption of sea creatures, sea table salt, and drinking water. In this paper, we overview various important parameters on the release of fiber fragments from garments, and home textiles including the type of fabric, weaving/knitting structure, detergent type and concentration, temperature, pH, spin-speed, and duration of the washing and drying processes. The influence of various mechanical and chemical textile finishes on the release of fiber fragments is explained. Any process that reduces the strength of fibers and their interactions including sanding, brushing, bleaching can potentially increase the release of fiber fragments in consecutive wet processes. We highlight some of the most important environmental regulations on the release of microplastics and fiber fragments to the environment and provide a series of recommendations to reduce the impact. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The production and consumption of textiles is continuously increasing due to the growth of population and fast fashion. Fiber fragments (1 µm–5 mm) released from garments and home textiles during washing, drying, and wearing are considered a new source of environmental pollution and health hazard. Fiber fragments can be ingested by aquatic animals and substantially threaten their metabolic activities. Small fiber fragments can also enter our food chain by the consumption of sea creatures, sea table salt, and drinking water. In this paper, we overview various important parameters on the release of fiber fragments from garments, and home textiles including the type of fabric, weaving/knitting structure, detergent type and concentration, temperature, pH, spin-speed, and duration of the washing and drying processes. The influence of various mechanical and chemical textile finishes on the release of fiber fragments is explained. Any process that reduces the strength of fibers and their interactions including sanding, brushing, bleaching can potentially increase the release of fiber fragments in consecutive wet processes. We highlight some of the most important environmental regulations on the release of microplastics and fiber fragments to the environment and provide a series of recommendations to reduce the impact. •Sources, and pathways of microplastic pollution in the environments were discussed.•Influence of fiber fragments pollution and their threat to the ecology, pathway of fiber fragments in the food chain and their impact of human health are briefly explained.•The various parameters and their influence on fiber fragments generation are discussed.•Different techniques for the reduction of fiber fragments from textiles are presented. The production and consumption of textiles is continuously increasing due to the growth of population and fast fashion. Fiber fragments (1 µm–5 mm) released from garments and home textiles during washing, drying, and wearing are considered a new source of environmental pollution and health hazard. Fiber fragments can be ingested by aquatic animals and substantially threaten their metabolic activities. Small fiber fragments can also enter our food chain by the consumption of sea creatures, sea table salt, and drinking water. In this paper, we overview various important parameters on the release of fiber fragments from garments, and home textiles including the type of fabric, weaving/knitting structure, detergent type and concentration, temperature, pH, spin-speed, and duration of the washing and drying processes. The influence of various mechanical and chemical textile finishes on the release of fiber fragments is explained. Any process that reduces the strength of fibers and their interactions including sanding, brushing, bleaching can potentially increase the release of fiber fragments in consecutive wet processes. We highlight some of the most important environmental regulations on the release of microplastics and fiber fragments to the environment and provide a series of recommendations to reduce the impact. |
| ArticleNumber | 109901 |
| Author | Periyasamy, Aravin Prince Tehrani-Bagha, Ali |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aravin Prince orcidid: 0000-0003-4148-5166 surname: Periyasamy fullname: Periyasamy, Aravin Prince email: aravinprince.periyasamy@aalto.fi, aravinprincep@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali surname: Tehrani-Bagha fullname: Tehrani-Bagha, Ali |
| BookMark | eNqNkUFPwyAYhomZidv0PzQxJl46gbIWDh6WRafJEi_uTBA-lKUtE5i6fy_NPO0kFxJ43pcvDxM06n0PCN0QPCOY1Hfb2c63h87Ae1AmJvU2o5jSfCcEJmdoTHhTlbSiZITGmDBSVoLgCzSJcYvzYnMyRptFEeDLwXfh-6JzOvhdq2JyuoDOxejyqQ2-KxL8JNdC0akEwak2Fqo3hUsxx81epwFMoD9697mHeInObWbg6m-fos3jw-vyqVy_rJ6Xi3WpGROpNIrYprFGYEtxQ1UFpKpwLRhuGFOECU5ZY7TQwlqCFSg8bzi33NaUY4rraopuj7274Id3k8xDa2hb1YPfR0lrxnnDOCUZvT5Bt34f-jxdpmrOKOcVzdT9kcoiYgxg5S64ToWDJFgO0uVWnkiXg3R5lJ7zy5O8dkkNdlJQrv13y-rYAtld_pwgo3bQazAugE7SePfPpl_Oyq0x |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_2c06374 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26031080 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2024_112333 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2024_110967 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16135344 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_langmuir_4c00552 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2022_120692 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16192803 crossref_primary_10_3390_w15203698 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_117044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pce_2023_103528 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2SU00084A crossref_primary_10_1177_00405175231191785 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_4c07373 crossref_primary_10_3390_agriculture14081304 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_infrared_2023_105070 crossref_primary_10_1111_cote_12766 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_34488_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2023_138495 crossref_primary_10_3390_w14091455 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202450901010 crossref_primary_10_2166_wst_2024_082 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hazadv_2022_100166 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2023_116227 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_174685 crossref_primary_10_1002_wer_10765 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44265_023_00016_z crossref_primary_10_3390_life14030371 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconhyd_2024_104345 crossref_primary_10_3390_businesses2040033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_133049 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_173197 crossref_primary_10_3390_fib12070051 crossref_primary_10_3390_microplastics3010005 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_86866_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules29122771 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envadv_2024_100579 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_33960_0 crossref_primary_10_1177_00405175221127709 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compositesa_2022_107318 crossref_primary_10_15406_jteft_2023_09_00353 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_158922 crossref_primary_10_1080_15487733_2024_2381871 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsma_2024_103636 crossref_primary_10_1039_D4EM00639A crossref_primary_10_1002_mabi_202300143 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaap_2024_106760 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2023_114719 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_3c01894 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_17596 crossref_primary_10_3390_microplastics3010010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2023_113840 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13213_023_01715_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1492759 crossref_primary_10_3390_su162210054 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2024_136864 crossref_primary_10_1021_polymscitech_4c00017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44169_024_00077_x crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2022_2132212 crossref_primary_10_1080_25740881_2023_2222791 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16031121 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2023_118499 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_116368 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsma_2024_103803 crossref_primary_10_1177_15280837251322951 crossref_primary_10_3390_microplastics3040041 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2025_115516 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16020495 crossref_primary_10_1002_wer_70032 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_119181 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_27029_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2024_142281 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_177090 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10311_024_01734_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2024_110784 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_175907 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biteb_2025_102064 crossref_primary_10_3390_textiles4040027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_171003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plaphy_2024_108795 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_142553 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_impact_2024_100520 crossref_primary_10_1002_ieam_4985 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12662_023_00920_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11270_024_07506_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resconrec_2024_107659 crossref_primary_10_3390_textiles3020013 crossref_primary_10_1002_ieam_4742 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_124455 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2025_137331 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2022_120771 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2024_1330922 crossref_primary_10_1002_bse_4144 crossref_primary_10_1021_acspolymersau_4c00023 crossref_primary_10_3390_w16141988 crossref_primary_10_2166_wpt_2024_142 crossref_primary_10_2166_wh_2023_265 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3VA00222E crossref_primary_10_3390_su142214671 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2023_114941 crossref_primary_10_1080_00405000_2024_2379307 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules27206859 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_35865_4 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4639105 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecohyd_2023_12_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconhyd_2023_104169 crossref_primary_10_3390_textiles5010003 crossref_primary_10_1002_tqem_22325 crossref_primary_10_3390_su151410821 crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse11061223 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_175209 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_113815 crossref_primary_10_26441_RC22_1_2023_3007 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics11070575 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2024_135290 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16073077 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics11050406 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molstruc_2023_135865 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e38264 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2024_135055 crossref_primary_10_1002_wer_10935 crossref_primary_10_1177_15589250231215458 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envadv_2024_100567 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics12030210 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44169_022_00015_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_sum_13053 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2023_138910 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_166553 crossref_primary_10_62638_ZasMat1176 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11029_024_10228_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hazadv_2025_100611 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2025_116194 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_kjs_2025_100395 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconhyd_2024_104380 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e34621 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_124088 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jwpe_2024_106400 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clet_2024_100851 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16162365 crossref_primary_10_3390_app15052630 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00003_024_01530_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_117018 crossref_primary_10_1177_09673911241233171 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2022_1032005 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16083401 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16233238 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2024_134359 crossref_primary_10_3390_resources12060067 crossref_primary_10_1186_s43591_022_00047_x |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.06.005 10.1002/jobm.201800436 10.1371/journal.pone.0194970 10.1002/app.1987.070330215 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004 10.1177/0040517520912037 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.005 10.1007/s11356-020-11988-2 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054 10.1007/s11356-016-7703-0 10.1021/acs.est.5b03163 10.1080/00405000.2019.1604296 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.020 10.1177/004051759006000101 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.059 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06921 10.1080/19440049.2014.945099 10.1126/sciadv.1700782 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.011 10.1007/s11356-021-14761-1 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025 10.1080/00405000.2019.1649582 10.1080/00405008808659170 10.1038/s41598-019-43023-x 10.1177/004051756203200401 10.1080/00405168608688901 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.062 10.1021/acs.est.8b04180 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115998 10.1007/s10570-009-9345-6 10.1007/s11356-017-9621-1 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121970 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.018 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.178 10.1080/19440049.2017.1347281 10.1177/0040517505054842 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.015 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.067 10.1533/joti.2004.0055 10.1021/es201811s 10.1080/00405000.2019.1665294 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022 10.1080/00405000.2021.2012909 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110991 10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.028 10.4161/derm.1.4.9501 10.1126/sciadv.aay8493 10.1021/acs.est.9b03022 10.1098/rstb.2008.0205 10.1080/00405169708688867 10.1177/0040517519841368 10.1080/00405168308688897 10.1007/1-4020-5377-0_4 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.001 10.2174/138920306776359786 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141175 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.006 10.1080/08958370050166796 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030 10.1371/journal.pone.0233332 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.002 10.1179/019713601806113076 10.1007/s11356-017-0528-7 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0025 10.1016/j.jece.2020.105012 10.3390/su12156219 10.1021/acs.est.9b01517 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00132-5 10.1038/s41598-017-05828-6 10.3183/npprj-2015-30-01-p043-057 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.153 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90284-9 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.037 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.094 10.1002/bit.260250105 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122129 10.1140/epjp/i2018-12123-x 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126493 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03861 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112030 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.110 10.1021/acs.est.7b01750 10.1007/s11356-017-0116-x 10.1021/acs.est.6b03045 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.012 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.062 10.1002/ajim.10265 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 Copyright Elsevier BV May 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 – notice: Copyright Elsevier BV May 2022 |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION 7SR 8FD JG9 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database Materials Research Database AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Technology Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA Materials Research Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Chemistry |
| EISSN | 1873-2321 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2022_109901 S0141391022000878 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1~. 1~5 29O 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAFTH AAHBH AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARLI AATTM AAXKI AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABWVN ABXDB ABXRA ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACNNM ACRLP ACRPL ADBBV ADECG ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO AEBSH AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEZYN AFJKZ AFRZQ AFTJW AFZHZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJSZI AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FLBIZ FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W KOM M24 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SCB SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SMS SPC SPCBC SSH SSK SSM SSZ T5K WH7 WUQ XPP ~G- AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI AEUPX AFPUW AFXIZ AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION 7SR 8FD EFKBS JG9 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-da1f77fd90f2072a3e13306940744a1498247dc9c9ff10aea05788f8f62802063 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0141-3910 |
| IngestDate | Tue Aug 05 11:42:55 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 06:20:22 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:05:49 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:29:53 EDT 2025 Sun Apr 06 06:54:10 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Textile Environmental pollution Chemical finishing Microfibers Emission Reduction techniques for microplastics Microplastics Domestic washing |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c449t-da1f77fd90f2072a3e13306940744a1498247dc9c9ff10aea05788f8f62802063 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4148-5166 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391022000878 |
| PQID | 2668428832 |
| PQPubID | 2045418 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2648874821 proquest_journals_2668428832 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2022_109901 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2022_109901 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2022_109901 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | May 2022 2022-05-00 20220501 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2022 text: May 2022 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | Polymer degradation and stability |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier BV |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier BV |
| References | Negm, Sanad (bib0112) 2020 Sixta, Michud, Hauru, Asaadi, Ma, King, Kilpeläinen, Hummel (bib0164) 2015; 30 Christie (bib0077) 2007 Schimper, Ibanescu, Bechtold (bib0106) 2009; 16 Li, Zhang, Ji, Wang, Sun, Hu (bib0095) 2016; 489 Schymanski, Goldbeck, Humpf, Fürst (bib0053) 2018; 129 O'Brien, Okoffo, O'Brien, Ribeiro, Wang, Wright, Samanipour, Rauert, Toapanta, Albarracin, Thomas (bib0044) 2020; 747 (accessed July 5, 2021). Periyasamy, Viková, Vik (bib0061) 2020; 90 Chen, Jakes (bib0065) 2001; 40 Ratnam (bib0124) 2010 Novotný, Dias, Kapanen, Malachová, Vándrovcová, Itävaara, Lima (bib0081) 2006; 63 Sankarraj, Nallathambi (bib0151) 2018; 191 Chakraborty (bib0157) 2014 Li, Wang, Tu, Zuo (bib0129) 2014; 945–949 Ghosh, Das, Battacharya, Jain, Sil, Mukhopadhyay (bib0135) 1988; 79 Zhong (bib0017) 2011 Chakraborty (bib0074) 2014 De Falco, Gentile, Avolio, Errico, Di Pace, Ambrogi, Avella, Cocca (bib0152) 2018; 198 Venkatesan, Periyasamy (bib0165) 2019 Lee, Pavlostathis (bib0080) 2004; 38 Periyasamy (bib0123) 2020; 111 Kärkkäinen, Sillanpää (bib0109) 2021; 28 Kothari (bib0141) 2008 Ahmed, Mondal (bib0015) 2021 Bishop (bib0111) 1995 Napper, Davies, Clifford, Elvin, Koldewey, Mayewski, Miner, Potocki, Elmore, Gajurel, Thompson (bib0010) 2020; 3 Cai, Mitrano, Heuberger, Hufenus, Nowack (bib0148) 2020; 267 How often should you wash jeans, sweaters, workout clothes and other daily wear?, 2020. Periyasamy (bib0155) 2020; 17 Klemm, Philipp, Heinze, Heinze, Wagenknecht (bib0105) 1998 Klepp, Laitala, Wiedemann (bib0037) 2020; 12 . Muthusamy, Periyasamy, Militký, Palani (bib0100) 2021 Babu (bib0113) 2015 Wernli, Ray, Gao, Thomas, Checkoway (bib0160) 2003; 44 Gulsevincler, Usal, Yilmaz (bib0131) 2020; 111 Napper, Thompson (bib0084) 2016; 112 Single-use plastics. Andrady (bib0021) 2011; 62 Yang, Qiao, Lei, Li, Kang, Cui, An (bib0099) 2019; 249 Choudhury (bib0158) 2017 L. Parker, 2020, Plastic trash flowing into the seas will nearly triple by 2040 without drastic action. S. Spary, 2019. National recycling week 2019: how many times can one plastic bottle be recycled?. Hosseini Ravandi, Valizadeh (bib0023) 2011 De Falco, Di Pace, Cocca, Avella (bib0128) 2019; 9 Colom, Carrillo (bib0104) 2002; 38 Karami, Golieskardi, bin Ho, Larat, Salamatinia (bib0030) 2017; 7 Erdumlu, Ozipek (bib0115) 2008; 16 L. Truscott, 2022. Preferred fiber & materials market report 2021 Periyasamy (bib0101) 2021 World survey on textiles & nonwovens, Freidorf, Switzerland, 2020. de Falco, Gullo, Gentile, di Pace, Cocca, Gelabert, Brouta-Agnésa, Rovira, Escudero, Villalba, Mossotti, Montarsolo, Gavignano, Tonin, Avella (bib0086) 2018; 236 Boucher, Friot (bib0027) 2017 E. Symon, 2020. Environmental regulations for california owned washing machines under AB 1952. Tong, Jiang, Hu, Zhong (bib0052) 2020; 252 Dave, Kumar, Srivastava (bib0103) 1987; 33 Karami, Golieskardi, Choo, Larat, Karbalaei, Salamatinia (bib0059) 2018; 612 Andreaus, Colombi, Gonçalves, Alves dos Santos (bib0150) 2019 De Falco, Gullo, Gentile, Di Pace, Cocca, Gelabert, Brouta-Agnésa, Rovira, Escudero, Villalba, Mossotti, Montarsolo, Gavignano, Tonin, Avella (bib0085) 2018; 236 Pirc, Vidmar, Mozer, Kržan (bib0092) 2016; 23 Elmogahzy (bib0018) 2020 Dris, Gasperi, Saad, Mirande, Tassin (bib0138) 2016; 104 Kosuth, Mason, Wattenberg (bib0054) 2018; 13 Hossain, Islam, Dey, Hasan (bib0147) 2021; 7 Chen (bib0082) 2006; 7 Zambrano, Pawlak, Daystar, Ankeny, Venditti (bib0067) 2021; 165 Niyonzima (bib0097) 2019; 59 Lee, Kim, Ryu, Taguchi (bib0098) 1983; 25 Elhawary (bib0114) 2015 Neves, Sobral, Lia, Pereira (bib0007) 2015; 101 Frias, Nash (bib0026) 2019; 138 Gallego-Juarez, Riera, Acosta, Rodríguez, Blanco (bib0167) 2010; 17 (accessed 17 March 2022). Jaturapiree (bib0108) 2007 Kelly, Lant, Kurr, Burgess (bib0093) 2019; 53 Yang, Shi, Li, Li, Jabeen, Kolandhasamy (bib0028) 2015; 49 Slater (bib0132) 1986; 14 Periyasamy, Rwahwire, Zhao (bib0169) 2019 Barella, Manich (bib0120) 1997; 26 Haq, Raj, Markandeya (bib0078) 2018; 196 Liebezeit, Liebezeit (bib0055) 2014; 31 C. Joyce, Microplastics have invaded the deep ocean — and the food Chain, (2019). Wilson (bib0127) 2012 Mintenig, Löder, Primpke, Gerdts (bib0051) 2019; 648 Kim, Lee, Kim, Kim (bib0050) 2018; 52 Periyasamy, Ramamoorthy, Lavate (bib0156) 2019 Periyasamy, Militky (bib0161) 2020 Schneider, Stracke, Hansen, Schaefer (bib0060) 2009; 1 Öztürk (bib0107) 2008 De Falco, Cocca, Avella, Thompson (bib0102) 2020; 54 Okubayashi, Bechtold (bib0121) 2005; 75 (accessed January 1, 2021). Kant (bib0145) 2012; 04 Maior, Reis, Muniz, Cavalcanti (bib0153) 2008; 355 Barella (bib0119) 1983; 13 Periyasamy, Militky (bib0166) 2020 Derraik (bib0001) 2002; 44 Das (bib0016) 2010 Peixoto, Pinheiro, Amorim, Oliva-Teles, Guilhermino, Vieira (bib0049) 2019; 219 Cesa, Turra, Checon, Leonardi, Baruque-Ramos (bib0091) 2020; 257 Daria, Krzysztof, Jakub (bib0064) 2020; 268 Bhat, Kandagor (bib0117) 2014 L.D. Sánchez, 2021. Australia and California join the fight against microfibers from clothes. Belzagui, Crespi, Álvarez, Gutiérrez-Bouzán, Vilaseca (bib0088) 2019; 248 B. Kristen, 2017. What are microfibers and why are our clothes polluting the oceans?. Freitas, Zhang, Mathews (bib0020) East (bib0140) 2005 Pauly, Stegmeier, Allaart, Cheney, Zhang, Mayer, Streck (bib0144) 1998; 7 Barnes, Galgani, Thompson, Barlaz (bib0005) 2009; 364 De Falco, Cocca, Guarino, Gentile, Ambrogi, Ambrosio, Avella (bib0154) 2019; 165 De Falco, Gentile, Di Pace, Avella, Cocca (bib0087) 2018; 133 Koelmans, Mohamed Nor, Hermsen, Kooi, Mintenig, De France (bib0029) 2019; 155 Bide (bib0073) 2010 Carney Almroth, Åström, Roslund, Petersson, Johansson, Persson (bib0070) 2018; 25 Liebezeit, Liebezeit (bib0057) 2015; 65 Establishing the specific programme implementing horizon europe – the framework programme for research and innovation, and repealing decision 2013/743/EU Suaria, Achtypi, Perold, Lee, Pierucci, Bornman, Aliani, Ryan (bib0063) 2020; 6 (accessed December 30, 2020). Directive (EU) 2015/720 of the European parliament and of the council, (2015). Cheng, Khoo, Lo, Tan, Chemmangattuvalappil (bib0096) 2020; 6 Okubayashi, Campos, Rohrer, Bechtold (bib0122) 2005; 96 Woishnis (bib0139) 2012 Zeidman, Suh, Batra (bib0134) 1990; 60 Browne, Crump, Niven, Teuten, Tonkin, Galloway, Thompson (bib0069) 2011; 45 Periyasamy, Militky (bib0146) 2017 Galloway (bib0048) 2015 Firgo, Eibl, Eichinger (bib0162) 1995 Sillanpää, Sainio (bib0089) 2017; 24 K.M. Wood, C. Box, 2020. California microfiber update: textile perspective Zambrano, Venditti, Pawlak, Daystar, Ankeny, Cheng (bib0066) Hernandez, Nowack, Mitrano (bib0040) 2017; 51 Muthusamy, Periyasamy, Govindan (bib0125) 2021 The size of the global fashion retail market, USA and China spend by far the most on apparel, 2020. Kishor, Purchase, Saratale, Saratale, Ferreira, Bilal, Chandra, Bharagava (bib0076) 2021; 9 H. Beverley, L. Kirsi, K.I. Grimstad, Microplastic pollution from textiles: a literature review, consumption research norway -Oslo and akershus university college of applied Sciences, 2018. MORROW (bib0046) 1988; 10 Hagewood (bib0118) 2014 M.O. Arja, Cellulases in the Textile Industry, in: Industrial Enzymes, Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, n.d.: pp. 51–63. 10.1007/1-4020-5377-0_4. Current World Population (accessed on 23.01.2022) Geyer, Jambeck, Law (bib0002) 2017; 3 Jemec, Horvat, Kunej, Bele, Kržan (bib0042) 2016; 219 Cai, Wang, Peng, Tan, Zhan, Tan, Chen (bib0142) 2017; 24 Amato-Lourenço, Carvalho-Oliveira, Júnior, dos Santos Galvão, Ando, Mauad (bib0043) 2021; 416 (accessed June 17, 2021). Soydan, Karakan Günaydın, Palamutcu (bib0130) 2019; 110 Liu, Wang, Fang, Xu, Zhu, Li (bib0143) 2019; 675 Zambrano, Pawlak, Daystar, Ankeny, Venditti (bib0075) 2021; 272 Ziajahromi, Kumar, Neale, Leusch (bib0041) 2018; 236 Lant, Hayward, Peththawadu, Sheridan, Dean (bib0039) 2020; 15 The microfibre consortium, The microfibre consortium 2021. Tran, Buchanan (bib0047) 2000; 12 (accessed on 10 July 2021). Hartline, Bruce, Karba, Ruff, Sonar, Holden (bib0110) 2016; 50 Mühlschlegel, Hauk, Walter, Sieber (bib0056) 2017; 34 Oliveri Conti, Ferrante, Banni, Favara, Nicolosi, Cristaldi, Fiore, Zuccarello (bib0058) 2020; 187 Dris, Gasperi, Mirande, Mandin, Guerrouache, Langlois, Tassin (bib0137) 2017; 221 Natural fibres and the world economy July 2019, 2019. No author, Microplastics: sources, effects and solutions, 2018. Global cumulative production of plastic 1950-2050 Published by Ian Tiseo, Jan 27, 2021 This statistic displays the total production volume of plastic worldwide from 1950 to 2017, and a forecast figure for 2050. In 2017, cumulative global plastic production. (accessed on 15.01.2022). Broadbent (bib0072) 2001; 566 Piñol, Rodriguez, Brouta, Escamilla, Escudero (bib0094) Pepper (bib0014) Zambrano, Pawlak, Daystar, Ankeny, Cheng, Venditti (bib0126) 2019; 142 Chiweshe, Crews (bib0090) 2000; 32 Xia, Liu, Wang, Deng, Xu (bib0136) 2019; 89 European parliament and council directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste, 1994. Ferreira, Thompson, Paris, Rohindra, Rico (bib0009) 2020; 153 Żurek (bib0133) 1962; 32 El-Sayed, Sanad (bib0116) 2010 Periyasamy, Venkatesan (bib0168) 2019 Cox, Covernton, Davies, Dower, Juanes, Dudas (bib0045) 2019; 53 Haouzi, McCann, Tubbs (bib0079) 2020; 7 Chequer, Angeli, Ferraz, Tsuboy, Marcarini, Mantovani, de Oliveira (bib0083) 2009; 676 Marini, Firgo, Eibl (bib0163) 1994; 9 Free, Jensen, Mason, Eriksen, Williamson, Boldgiv (bib0008) 2014; 85 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0062 Chen (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0065) 2001; 40 Muthusamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0125) 2021 Wilson (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0127) 2012 Zambrano (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0067) 2021; 165 Kärkkäinen (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0109) 2021; 28 Ziajahromi (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0041) 2018; 236 Chiweshe (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0090) 2000; 32 Chequer (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0083) 2009; 676 Gulsevincler (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0131) 2020; 111 De Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0154) 2019; 165 Hagewood (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0118) 2014 Chakraborty (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0157) 2014 Boucher (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0027) 2017 Karami (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0030) 2017; 7 Carney Almroth (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0070) 2018; 25 Gallego-Juarez (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0167) 2010; 17 Neves (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0007) 2015; 101 Browne (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0069) 2011; 45 De Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0087) 2018; 133 Kant (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0145) 2012; 04 Ahmed (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0015) 2021 de Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0086) 2018; 236 Liebezeit (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0055) 2014; 31 Li (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0129) 2014; 945–949 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0068 Kishor (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0076) 2021; 9 Lee (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0098) 1983; 25 Freitas (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0020) Cai (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0142) 2017; 24 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0071 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0161) 2020 Firgo (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0162) 1995 Liu (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0143) 2019; 675 Amato-Lourenço (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0043) 2021; 416 Haouzi (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0079) 2020; 7 Zambrano (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0126) 2019; 142 Koelmans (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0029) 2019; 155 Belzagui (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0088) 2019; 248 Hernandez (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0040) 2017; 51 Chakraborty (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0074) 2014 Babu (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0113) 2015 De Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0152) 2018; 198 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0101) 2021 Sankarraj (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0151) 2018; 191 Free (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0008) 2014; 85 Woishnis (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0139) 2012 Peixoto (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0049) 2019; 219 Novotný (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0081) 2006; 63 Schimper (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0106) 2009; 16 Erdumlu (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0115) 2008; 16 Pirc (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0092) 2016; 23 Venkatesan (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0165) 2019 Negm (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0112) 2020 Piñol (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0094) Andrady (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0021) 2011; 62 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0004 Frias (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0026) 2019; 138 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0006 Bide (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0073) 2010 Andreaus (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0150) 2019 Broadbent (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0072) 2001; 566 Oliveri Conti (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0058) 2020; 187 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0003 Niyonzima (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0097) 2019; 59 Lee (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0080) 2004; 38 Dave (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0103) 1987; 33 Lant (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0039) 2020; 15 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0155) 2020; 17 Soydan (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0130) 2019; 110 Ratnam (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0124) 2010 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0019 Hossain (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0147) 2021; 7 Elhawary (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0114) 2015 Elmogahzy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0018) 2020 O'Brien (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0044) 2020; 747 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0011 Schymanski (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0053) 2018; 129 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0012 Tran (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0047) 2000; 12 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0013 Das (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0016) 2010 Yang (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0028) 2015; 49 Marini (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0163) 1994; 9 Klemm (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0105) 1998 Cox (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0045) 2019; 53 Ferreira (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0009) 2020; 153 Karami (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0059) 2018; 612 Zambrano (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0075) 2021; 272 Slater (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0132) 1986; 14 Zambrano (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0066) Jaturapiree (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0108) 2007 East (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0140) 2005 De Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0102) 2020; 54 Liebezeit (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0057) 2015; 65 Okubayashi (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0122) 2005; 96 Żurek (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0133) 1962; 32 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0146) 2017 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0156) 2019 Barnes (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0005) 2009; 364 De Falco (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0128) 2019; 9 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0149 Sixta (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0164) 2015; 30 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0169) 2019 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0022 Suaria (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0063) 2020; 6 Napper (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0010) 2020; 3 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0024 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0025 Galloway (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0048) 2015 Wernli (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0160) 2003; 44 Kelly (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0093) 2019; 53 Klepp (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0037) 2020; 12 Derraik (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0001) 2002; 44 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0031 Sillanpää (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0089) 2017; 24 Ghosh (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0135) 1988; 79 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0032 Hartline (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0110) 2016; 50 Cesa (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0091) 2020; 257 Colom (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0104) 2002; 38 Kothari (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0141) 2008 Maior (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0153) 2008; 355 Okubayashi (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0121) 2005; 75 Zeidman (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0134) 1990; 60 Barella (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0119) 1983; 13 Cheng (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0096) 2020; 6 Schneider (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0060) 2009; 1 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0038 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0159 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0033 Cai (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0148) 2020; 267 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0034 Geyer (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0002) 2017; 3 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0035 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0036 Chen (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0082) 2006; 7 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0168) 2019 Muthusamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0100) 2021 Bhat (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0117) 2014 Xia (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0136) 2019; 89 Mühlschlegel (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0056) 2017; 34 Barella (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0120) 1997; 26 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0123) 2020; 111 Kosuth (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0054) 2018; 13 Haq (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0078) 2018; 196 Hosseini Ravandi (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0023) 2011 Öztürk (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0107) 2008 Mintenig (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0051) 2019; 648 Tong (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0052) 2020; 252 Zhong (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0017) 2011 Dris (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0137) 2017; 221 Dris (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0138) 2016; 104 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0166) 2020 Pepper (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0014) Bishop (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0111) 1995 Kim (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0050) 2018; 52 MORROW (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0046) 1988; 10 Periyasamy (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0061) 2020; 90 Napper (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0084) 2016; 112 Pauly (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0144) 1998; 7 Jemec (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0042) 2016; 219 Yang (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0099) 2019; 249 Christie (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0077) 2007 Li (10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0095) 2016; 489 Daria (10.1016/j.polymd |
| References_xml | – reference: European parliament and council directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste, 1994. – volume: 112 start-page: 39 year: 2016 end-page: 45 ident: bib0084 article-title: Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: effects of fabric type and washing conditions publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – reference: S. Spary, 2019. National recycling week 2019: how many times can one plastic bottle be recycled?. – volume: 110 start-page: 1519 year: 2019 end-page: 1528 ident: bib0130 article-title: Comparison of fabric properties knitted by pin spacer compact and conventional compact yarns publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – start-page: 343 year: 2015 end-page: 366 ident: bib0048 article-title: Micro- and nano-plastics and human health publication-title: Marine Anthropogenic Litter – volume: 236 start-page: 916 year: 2018 end-page: 925 ident: bib0086 article-title: Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – volume: 648 start-page: 631 year: 2019 end-page: 635 ident: bib0051 article-title: Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – volume: 90 start-page: 2136 year: 2020 end-page: 2148 ident: bib0061 article-title: Preparation of photochromic isotactic polypropylene filaments: influence of drawing ratio on their optical, thermal and mechanical properties publication-title: Tex R Jou – volume: 31 start-page: 1574 year: 2014 end-page: 1578 ident: bib0055 article-title: Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers publication-title: Food Addit. Contam. Part A – reference: B. Kristen, 2017. What are microfibers and why are our clothes polluting the oceans?. – volume: 30 start-page: 43 year: 2015 end-page: 57 ident: bib0164 article-title: Ioncell-F: a high-strength regenerated cellulose fibre publication-title: Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. – year: 2021 ident: bib0100 article-title: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict the release of microplastic fibers during domestic washing publication-title: J. Test. Eval. – volume: 9 year: 2021 ident: bib0076 article-title: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety publication-title: J. Environ. Chem. Eng. – volume: 17 start-page: 56 year: 2020 end-page: 60 ident: bib0155 article-title: Environmental hazards of denim processing-I publication-title: Asian Dyer – volume: 267 year: 2020 ident: bib0148 article-title: The origin of microplastic fiber in polyester textiles: the textile production process matters publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. – start-page: 48 year: 2014 end-page: 71 ident: bib0118 article-title: Technologies for the manufacture of synthetic polymer fibers publication-title: Advances in Filament Yarn Spinning of Textiles and Polymers – year: 1998 ident: bib0105 article-title: Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry – start-page: 125 year: 1995 end-page: 172 ident: bib0111 article-title: Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes publication-title: Chemistry of the Textiles Industry – start-page: 1521 year: 2019 end-page: 1558 ident: bib0169 article-title: Environmental friendly textile processing publication-title: Handbook of Ecomaterials – volume: 612 start-page: 1380 year: 2018 end-page: 1386 ident: bib0059 article-title: Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – reference: Directive (EU) 2015/720 of the European parliament and of the council, (2015). – volume: 38 start-page: 2225 year: 2002 end-page: 2230 ident: bib0104 article-title: Crystallinity changes in lyocell and viscose-type fibres by caustic treatment publication-title: Eur. Polym. J. – volume: 51 start-page: 7036 year: 2017 end-page: 7046 ident: bib0040 article-title: Polyester textiles as a source of microplastics from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – reference: The microfibre consortium, The microfibre consortium 2021. – volume: 59 start-page: 134 year: 2019 end-page: 147 ident: bib0097 article-title: Detergent-compatible bacterial cellulases publication-title: J. Basic Microbiol. – volume: 221 start-page: 453 year: 2017 end-page: 458 ident: bib0137 article-title: A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – start-page: 61 year: 2011 end-page: 78 ident: bib0023 article-title: Properties of Fibers and Fabrics That Contribute to Human comfort, in: Improving Comfort in Clothing – volume: 133 start-page: 257 year: 2018 ident: bib0087 article-title: Quantification of microfibres released during washing of synthetic clothes in real conditions and at lab scale publication-title: Eur. Phys. J. Plus – start-page: 3 year: 2014 end-page: 30 ident: bib0117 article-title: 1 – Synthetic polymer fibers and their processing requirements publication-title: Advances in Filament Yarn Spinning of Textiles and Polymers – volume: 7 start-page: 5473 year: 2017 ident: bib0030 article-title: Microplastics in eviscerated flesh and excised organs of dried fish publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 49 start-page: 13622 year: 2015 end-page: 13627 ident: bib0028 article-title: Microplastic pollution in table salts from China publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – volume: 236 start-page: 916 year: 2018 end-page: 925 ident: bib0085 article-title: Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – volume: 196 start-page: 58 year: 2018 end-page: 68 ident: bib0078 article-title: Biodegradation of Azure-B dye by Serratia liquefaciens and its validation by phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity studies publication-title: Chemosphere – reference: H. Beverley, L. Kirsi, K.I. Grimstad, Microplastic pollution from textiles: a literature review, consumption research norway -Oslo and akershus university college of applied Sciences, 2018. – volume: 28 start-page: 16253 year: 2021 end-page: 16263 ident: bib0109 article-title: Quantification of different microplastic fibres discharged from textiles in machine wash and tumble drying publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – reference: L. Parker, 2020, Plastic trash flowing into the seas will nearly triple by 2040 without drastic action. – volume: 153 year: 2020 ident: bib0009 article-title: Presence of microplastics in water, sediments and fish species in an urban coastal environment of Fiji, a Pacific small island developing state publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – volume: 489 start-page: 423 year: 2016 end-page: 432 ident: bib0095 article-title: Effect of Ca publication-title: Colloids Surf. A – start-page: 57 year: 2015 end-page: 78 ident: bib0113 article-title: Natural Textile Fibres publication-title: Textiles and Fashion – reference: Current World Population (accessed on 23.01.2022), – volume: 747 year: 2020 ident: bib0044 article-title: Airborne emissions of microplastic fibres from domestic laundry dryers publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – volume: 6 start-page: eaay8493 year: 2020 ident: bib0063 article-title: Microfibers in oceanic surface waters: a global characterization publication-title: Sci. Adv. – reference: (accessed 17 March 2022). – volume: 12 start-page: 1113 year: 2000 end-page: 1126 ident: bib0047 article-title: Inhalation of poorly soluble particles. II. Influence of particle surface area on inflammation and clearance publication-title: Inhal. Toxicol. – ident: bib0066 article-title: The generation and aquatic biodegradation of microfibers produced from laundering fabrics – volume: 75 start-page: 288 year: 2005 end-page: 292 ident: bib0121 article-title: A pilling mechanism of man-made cellulosic fabrics—effects of fibrillation publication-title: Text. Res. J. – volume: 165 start-page: 110 year: 2019 end-page: 116 ident: bib0154 article-title: Novel finishing treatments of polyamide fabrics by electrofluidodynamic process to reduce microplastic release during washings publication-title: Polym. Degrad. Stab. – start-page: 1461 year: 2019 end-page: 1482 ident: bib0168 article-title: Eco-materials in textile finishing publication-title: Handbook of Ecomaterials – volume: 16 start-page: 43 year: 2008 end-page: 47 ident: bib0115 article-title: Investigation of regenerated bamboo fibre and yarn characteristics publication-title: Fibres Text. East. Eur. – volume: 272 year: 2021 ident: bib0075 article-title: Impact of dyes and finishes on the microfibers released on the laundering of cotton knitted fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – volume: 40 start-page: 91 year: 2001 end-page: 103 ident: bib0065 article-title: Cellulolytic biodegradation of cotton fibers from a deep-ocean environment publication-title: J. Am. Inst. Conserv. – volume: 248 start-page: 1028 year: 2019 end-page: 1035 ident: bib0088 article-title: Microplastics’ emissions: microfibers’ detachment from textile garments publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – reference: E. Symon, 2020. Environmental regulations for california owned washing machines under AB 1952. – volume: 1 start-page: 197 year: 2009 end-page: 206 ident: bib0060 article-title: Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier publication-title: Dermatoendocrinol – volume: 219 start-page: 201 year: 2016 end-page: 209 ident: bib0042 article-title: Uptake and effects of microplastic textile fibers on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – volume: 101 start-page: 119 year: 2015 end-page: 126 ident: bib0007 article-title: Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – volume: 9 start-page: 53 year: 1994 end-page: 56 ident: bib0163 publication-title: Lenzing Lyocell – volume: 249 start-page: 136 year: 2019 end-page: 143 ident: bib0099 article-title: Microfiber release from different fabrics during washing publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – start-page: 22 year: 2010 end-page: 41 ident: bib0016 article-title: Fibres and Fabrics Used in Home textiles, in: Performance of Home Textiles – year: 2017 ident: bib0027 article-title: Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources publication-title: IUCN Int. Union Conserv. Nat. – volume: 24 start-page: 19313 year: 2017 end-page: 19321 ident: bib0089 article-title: Release of polyester and cotton fibers from textiles in machine washings publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – volume: 187 year: 2020 ident: bib0058 article-title: Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population publication-title: Environ. Res. – volume: 111 start-page: 540 year: 2020 end-page: 549 ident: bib0131 article-title: Yarn evenness parameters optimization in jetring spinning process publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – start-page: 1413 year: 2019 end-page: 1433 ident: bib0165 article-title: Eco-fibers in the textile Industry publication-title: Handbook of Ecomaterials – start-page: 95 year: 2005 end-page: 166 ident: bib0140 article-title: Polyester fibres publication-title: Synthetic Fibres – volume: 53 start-page: 7068 year: 2019 end-page: 7074 ident: bib0045 article-title: Human consumption of microplastics publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – start-page: 191 year: 2015 end-page: 212 ident: bib0114 article-title: Fibre to yarn publication-title: Textiles and Fashion – reference: Natural fibres and the world economy July 2019, 2019. – volume: 155 start-page: 410 year: 2019 end-page: 422 ident: bib0029 article-title: Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: critical review and assessment of data quality publication-title: Water Res. – reference: L. Truscott, 2022. Preferred fiber & materials market report 2021, – volume: 50 start-page: 11532 year: 2016 end-page: 11538 ident: bib0110 article-title: Microfiber masses recovered from conventional machine washing of new or aged garments publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – volume: 34 start-page: 1982 year: 2017 end-page: 1989 ident: bib0056 article-title: Lack of evidence for microplastic contamination in honey publication-title: Food Addit. Contam. Part A – start-page: 47 year: 1995 end-page: 50 ident: bib0162 article-title: Lyocell - An Ecological Alternative – volume: 675 start-page: 462 year: 2019 end-page: 471 ident: bib0143 article-title: Source and potential risk assessment of suspended atmospheric microplastics in Shanghai publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – volume: 142 start-page: 394 year: 2019 end-page: 407 ident: bib0126 article-title: Microfibers generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic biodegradation publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – volume: 79 start-page: 634 year: 1988 end-page: 640 ident: bib0135 article-title: An electronic instrument for measuring the hairiness of jute yarn publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – volume: 96 start-page: 37 year: 2005 end-page: 41 ident: bib0122 article-title: A pilling mechanism for cellulosic knit fabrics – effects of wet processing publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – reference: (accessed June 17, 2021). – start-page: 399 year: 2020 end-page: 432 ident: bib0018 article-title: Performance Characteristics of Technical textiles: Part III: Healthcare and Protective textiles, in: Engineering Textiles – ident: bib0094 article-title: Mapping and estimation of laundry effluent microplastics release – start-page: 237 year: 2010 end-page: 260 ident: bib0116 article-title: Compact spinning technology publication-title: Advances in Yarn Spinning Technology – volume: 32 start-page: 41 year: 2000 end-page: 47 ident: bib0090 article-title: Influence of household fabric softeners and laundry enzymes on pilling and breaking strength publication-title: Text. Chem. Color. Am. Dyest. Rep. – volume: 945–949 start-page: 1810 year: 2014 end-page: 1814 ident: bib0129 article-title: A new measurement system of yarn appearance based on machine vision publication-title: Adv. Mat. Res. – ident: bib0020 article-title: Water footprint assessment of polyester and viscose – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 32 ident: bib0015 article-title: Introduction to Natural Fibres and textiles, in: Fundamentals of Natural Fibres and Textiles – reference: World survey on textiles & nonwovens, Freidorf, Switzerland, 2020. – reference: Single-use plastics. – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: bib0054 article-title: Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt publication-title: PLoS One – start-page: 419 year: 2008 end-page: 440 ident: bib0141 article-title: Polyester and polyamide fibres – apparel applications publication-title: Polyesters and Polyamides – volume: 416 year: 2021 ident: bib0043 article-title: Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater. – year: 2007 ident: bib0108 article-title: Porosity and Transport Properties in the System Cellulose Fiber/Aqueous Medium-Determination and Modification of Porosity – start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 30 ident: bib0161 article-title: LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) on recycled polyester publication-title: Environmental Footprints of Recycled Polyester – volume: 219 start-page: 161 year: 2019 end-page: 168 ident: bib0049 article-title: Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: a review publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. – volume: 54 start-page: 3288 year: 2020 end-page: 3296 ident: bib0102 article-title: Microfiber release to water, via laundering, and to air, via everyday use: a comparison between polyester clothing with differing textile parameters publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces – start-page: 196 year: 2010 end-page: 217 ident: bib0073 article-title: 9 - Colour measurement and fastness assessment publication-title: Colour Measurement – year: 2008 ident: bib0107 article-title: Regenerated Cellulosic Fibers—Effect of Alkali Treatment On structure, Chemical Reactivity and Fiber Properties – volume: 165 year: 2021 ident: bib0067 article-title: Impact of dyes and finishes on the aquatic biodegradability of cotton textile fibers and microfibers released on laundering clothes: correlations between enzyme adsorption and activity and biodegradation rates publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – year: 2021 ident: bib0101 article-title: Evaluation of microfiber release from jeans: the impact of different washing conditions publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – volume: 9 start-page: 6633 year: 2019 ident: bib0128 article-title: The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution publication-title: Sci. Rep. – reference: (accessed on 15.01.2022). – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 1983 end-page: 57 ident: bib0119 article-title: Yarn hairiness publication-title: Text. Prog. – volume: 7 start-page: e06921 year: 2021 ident: bib0147 article-title: An approach to improve the pilling resistance properties of three thread polyester cotton blended fleece fabric publication-title: Heliyon – volume: 45 start-page: 9175 year: 2011 end-page: 9179 ident: bib0069 article-title: Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – year: 2007 ident: bib0077 article-title: Environmental Aspects of Textile dyeing, I – volume: 355 start-page: 184 year: 2008 end-page: 194 ident: bib0153 article-title: Reaction of pectin and glycidyl methacrylate and ulterior formation of free films by reticulation publication-title: Int. J. Pharm. – ident: bib0014 article-title: Preferred fiber & materials market report for 2019 – volume: 6 start-page: e03861 year: 2020 ident: bib0096 article-title: Design and performance optimisation of detergent product containing binary mixture of anionic-nonionic surfactants publication-title: Heliyon – start-page: 106 year: 2014 end-page: 120 ident: bib0157 article-title: Dyeing with indigo publication-title: Fundamentals and Practices in Colouration of Textiles – volume: 3 year: 2017 ident: bib0002 article-title: Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made publication-title: Sci. Adv. – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: bib0039 article-title: Microfiber release from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing conditions publication-title: PLoS One – reference: K.M. Wood, C. Box, 2020. California microfiber update: textile perspective, – start-page: 63 year: 2020 end-page: 95 ident: bib0166 article-title: Sustainability in regenerated textile fibers publication-title: Sustainability in the Textile and Apparel Industries – volume: 65 start-page: 143 year: 2015 end-page: 147 ident: bib0057 article-title: Origin of synthetic particles in honeys publication-title: Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. – volume: 23 start-page: 22206 year: 2016 end-page: 22211 ident: bib0092 article-title: Emissions of microplastic fibers from microfiber fleece during domestic washing publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – volume: 38 start-page: 1838 year: 2004 end-page: 1852 ident: bib0080 article-title: Decolorization and toxicity of reactive anthraquinone textile dyes under methanogenic conditions publication-title: Water Res. – volume: 14 start-page: 1 year: 1986 end-page: 90 ident: bib0132 article-title: Yarn evenness publication-title: Text. Prog. – volume: 44 start-page: 595 year: 2003 end-page: 599 ident: bib0160 article-title: Shanghai, China: overall incidence patterns, 1989–1998 publication-title: Am. J. Ind. Med. – volume: 364 start-page: 1985 year: 2009 end-page: 1998 ident: bib0005 article-title: Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments publication-title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. – start-page: 163 year: 2012 end-page: 204 ident: bib0127 article-title: Woven structures and their characteristics publication-title: Woven Textiles – volume: 62 start-page: 1596 year: 2011 end-page: 1605 ident: bib0021 article-title: Microplastics in the marine environment publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – reference: . (accessed on 15.01.2022). – volume: 111 start-page: 846 year: 2020 end-page: 854 ident: bib0123 article-title: Effects of alkali pretreatment on lyocell woven fabric and its influence on pilling properties publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 11 ident: bib0125 article-title: Prediction of pilling grade of alkali-treated regenerated cellulosic fabric using fuzzy inference system publication-title: J. Text. Inst. – volume: 89 start-page: 4710 year: 2019 end-page: 4716 ident: bib0136 article-title: A novel analysis of spun yarn hairiness inside limited two-dimensional space publication-title: Text. Res. J. – reference: How often should you wash jeans, sweaters, workout clothes and other daily wear?, 2020. – volume: 3 start-page: 621 year: 2020 end-page: 630 ident: bib0010 article-title: Reaching new heights in plastic pollution—preliminary findings of microplastics on mount Everest publication-title: One Earth – volume: 191 start-page: 95 year: 2018 end-page: 102 ident: bib0151 article-title: Enzymatic biopolishing of cotton fabric with free/immobilized cellulase publication-title: Carbohydr. Polym. – volume: 60 start-page: 1 year: 1990 end-page: 6 ident: bib0134 article-title: A new perspective on yarn unevenness: components and determinants of general unevenness publication-title: Text. Res. J. – volume: 44 start-page: 842 year: 2002 end-page: 852 ident: bib0001 article-title: The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – reference: L.D. Sánchez, 2021. Australia and California join the fight against microfibers from clothes. – volume: 7 start-page: 101 year: 2006 end-page: 111 ident: bib0082 article-title: Recent advances in Azo dye degrading enzyme research publication-title: Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. – reference: The size of the global fashion retail market, USA and China spend by far the most on apparel, 2020. – volume: 52 start-page: 12819 year: 2018 end-page: 12828 ident: bib0050 article-title: Global pattern of microplastics (MPs) in commercial food-grade salts: sea salt as an indicator of seawater MP pollution publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – volume: 25 start-page: 1191 year: 2018 end-page: 1199 ident: bib0070 article-title: Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – year: 2010 ident: bib0124 article-title: SITRA Norms for Spinning Mills – start-page: 161 year: 2017 end-page: 196 ident: bib0146 article-title: Denim Processing and Health hazards, in: Sustainability in Denim – reference: . – volume: 7 start-page: 1459 year: 2020 end-page: 1464 ident: bib0079 article-title: Azure B as a novel cyanide antidote: preclinical publication-title: Toxicol. Rep. – volume: 63 start-page: 1436 year: 2006 end-page: 1442 ident: bib0081 article-title: Comparative use of bacterial, algal and protozoan tests to study toxicity of azo- and anthraquinone dyes publication-title: Chemosphere – start-page: 326 year: 2014 end-page: 339 ident: bib0074 article-title: Assessment of fastness of dyeings publication-title: Fundamentals and Practices in Colouration of Textiles – reference: (accessed December 30, 2020). – volume: 17 start-page: 234 year: 2010 end-page: 238 ident: bib0167 article-title: Ultrasonic system for continuous washing of textiles in liquid layers publication-title: Ultrason. Sonochem. – volume: 32 start-page: 255 year: 1962 end-page: 257 ident: bib0133 article-title: Fiber length distribution as a function of the number of fibers in a cross section of a yarn publication-title: Text. Res. J. – reference: (accessed on 10 July 2021). – reference: (accessed July 5, 2021). – volume: 676 start-page: 83 year: 2009 end-page: 86 ident: bib0083 article-title: The azo dyes disperse red 1 and disperse orange 1 increase the micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes and in HepG publication-title: Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. – volume: 236 start-page: 425 year: 2018 end-page: 431 ident: bib0041 article-title: Environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics negatively impact the survival, growth and emergence of sediment-dwelling invertebrates publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – reference: Global cumulative production of plastic 1950-2050 Published by Ian Tiseo, Jan 27, 2021 This statistic displays the total production volume of plastic worldwide from 1950 to 2017, and a forecast figure for 2050. In 2017, cumulative global plastic production. – volume: 85 start-page: 156 year: 2014 end-page: 163 ident: bib0008 article-title: High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – volume: 16 start-page: 1057 year: 2009 end-page: 1068 ident: bib0106 article-title: Effect of alkali pre-treatment on hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose fibers (part 1: viscose) by cellulases publication-title: Cellulose – volume: 24 start-page: 24928 year: 2017 end-page: 24935 ident: bib0142 article-title: Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city, China: preliminary research and first evidence publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. – reference: Establishing the specific programme implementing horizon europe – the framework programme for research and innovation, and repealing decision 2013/743/EU – volume: 104 start-page: 290 year: 2016 end-page: 293 ident: bib0138 article-title: Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment? publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – volume: 04 start-page: 22 year: 2012 end-page: 26 ident: bib0145 article-title: Textile dyeing industry an environmental hazard publication-title: Nat. Sci. – volume: 268 year: 2020 ident: bib0064 article-title: Characteristics of biodegradable textiles used in environmental engineering: a comprehensive review publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. – volume: 566 year: 2001 ident: bib0072 article-title: Basic principles of textile coloration publication-title: Soc. Dye. Colour. – volume: 129 start-page: 154 year: 2018 end-page: 162 ident: bib0053 article-title: Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water publication-title: Water Res. – volume: 257 year: 2020 ident: bib0091 article-title: Laundering and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings publication-title: Environ. Pollut. – volume: 198 start-page: 175 year: 2018 end-page: 180 ident: bib0152 article-title: Pectin based finishing to mitigate the impact of microplastics released by polyamide fabrics publication-title: Carbohydr. Polym. – start-page: 185 year: 2019 end-page: 238 ident: bib0150 article-title: Processing of cotton and man-made cellulosic fibers publication-title: Advances in Textile Biotechnology – start-page: 419 year: 2011 end-page: 433 ident: bib0017 article-title: Textiles For Medical filters, in: Handbook of Medical Textiles – volume: 138 start-page: 145 year: 2019 end-page: 147 ident: bib0026 article-title: Microplastics: finding a consensus on the definition publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. – reference: M.O. Arja, Cellulases in the Textile Industry, in: Industrial Enzymes, Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, n.d.: pp. 51–63. 10.1007/1-4020-5377-0_4. – volume: 252 year: 2020 ident: bib0052 article-title: Occurrence and identification of microplastics in tap water from China publication-title: Chemosphere – volume: 7 year: 1998 ident: bib0144 article-title: Inhaled cellulosic and plastic fibers found in human lung tissue publication-title: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. AMP Prev. – start-page: 1559 year: 2019 end-page: 1579 ident: bib0156 article-title: Eco-friendly denim processing publication-title: Handbook of Ecomaterials – reference: . – start-page: 2558 year: 2012 end-page: 2640 ident: bib0139 article-title: Polyester, PET publication-title: Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastics – volume: 12 start-page: 6219 year: 2020 ident: bib0037 article-title: Clothing lifespans: what should be measured and how publication-title: Sustainability – start-page: 3 year: 2020 end-page: 48 ident: bib0112 article-title: Cotton fibres, picking, ginning, Spinning and weaving publication-title: Handbook of Natural Fibres – volume: 10 start-page: 369 year: 1988 end-page: 384 ident: bib0046 article-title: Possible mechanisms to explain dust overloading of the lungs publication-title: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. – reference: C. Joyce, Microplastics have invaded the deep ocean — and the food Chain, (2019). – volume: 25 start-page: 33 year: 1983 end-page: 51 ident: bib0098 article-title: Structural properties of cellulose and cellulase reaction mechanism publication-title: Biotechnol. Bioeng. – reference: No author, Microplastics: sources, effects and solutions, 2018. – volume: 33 start-page: 455 year: 1987 end-page: 477 ident: bib0103 article-title: Studies on modification of polyester fabrics I: alkaline hydrolysis publication-title: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. – start-page: 49 year: 2017 end-page: 81 ident: bib0158 article-title: Environmental impacts of denim washing publication-title: Sustainability in Denim – volume: 53 start-page: 11735 year: 2019 end-page: 11744 ident: bib0093 article-title: Importance of water-volume on the release of microplastic fibers from laundry publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – reference: (accessed January 1, 2021). – volume: 26 start-page: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 29 ident: bib0120 article-title: Yarn hairiness update publication-title: Text. Prog. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0038 – volume: 17 start-page: 234 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0167 article-title: Ultrasonic system for continuous washing of textiles in liquid layers publication-title: Ultrason. Sonochem. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.06.005 – volume: 59 start-page: 134 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0097 article-title: Detergent-compatible bacterial cellulases publication-title: J. Basic Microbiol. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201800436 – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0108 – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0054 article-title: Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194970 – volume: 33 start-page: 455 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0103 article-title: Studies on modification of polyester fabrics I: alkaline hydrolysis publication-title: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. doi: 10.1002/app.1987.070330215 – start-page: 47 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0162 – start-page: 1559 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0156 article-title: Eco-friendly denim processing – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0020 – start-page: 125 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0111 article-title: Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes – volume: 676 start-page: 83 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0083 article-title: The azo dyes disperse red 1 and disperse orange 1 increase the micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells publication-title: Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004 – volume: 90 start-page: 2136 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0061 article-title: Preparation of photochromic isotactic polypropylene filaments: influence of drawing ratio on their optical, thermal and mechanical properties publication-title: Tex R Jou doi: 10.1177/0040517520912037 – volume: 7 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0144 article-title: Inhaled cellulosic and plastic fibers found in human lung tissue publication-title: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. AMP Prev. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0035 – volume: 612 start-page: 1380 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0059 article-title: Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.005 – start-page: 196 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0073 article-title: 9 - Colour measurement and fastness assessment – volume: 28 start-page: 16253 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0109 article-title: Quantification of different microplastic fibres discharged from textiles in machine wash and tumble drying publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11988-2 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0062 – volume: 101 start-page: 119 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0007 article-title: Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008 – volume: 155 start-page: 410 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0029 article-title: Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: critical review and assessment of data quality publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054 – start-page: 161 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0146 – volume: 23 start-page: 22206 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0092 article-title: Emissions of microplastic fibers from microfiber fleece during domestic washing publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7703-0 – volume: 49 start-page: 13622 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0028 article-title: Microplastic pollution in table salts from China publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03163 – volume: 110 start-page: 1519 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0130 article-title: Comparison of fabric properties knitted by pin spacer compact and conventional compact yarns publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2019.1604296 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0006 – volume: 3 start-page: 621 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0010 article-title: Reaching new heights in plastic pollution—preliminary findings of microplastics on mount Everest publication-title: One Earth doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.020 – volume: 60 start-page: 1 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0134 article-title: A new perspective on yarn unevenness: components and determinants of general unevenness publication-title: Text. Res. J. doi: 10.1177/004051759006000101 – volume: 85 start-page: 156 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0008 article-title: High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0024 – start-page: 326 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0074 article-title: Assessment of fastness of dyeings – volume: 248 start-page: 1028 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0088 article-title: Microplastics’ emissions: microfibers’ detachment from textile garments publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.059 – start-page: 3 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0117 article-title: 1 – Synthetic polymer fibers and their processing requirements – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0027 article-title: Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources publication-title: IUCN Int. Union Conserv. Nat. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0003 – volume: 7 start-page: e06921 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0147 article-title: An approach to improve the pilling resistance properties of three thread polyester cotton blended fleece fabric publication-title: Heliyon doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06921 – volume: 31 start-page: 1574 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0055 article-title: Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers publication-title: Food Addit. Contam. Part A doi: 10.1080/19440049.2014.945099 – start-page: 2558 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0139 article-title: Polyester, PET – volume: 04 start-page: 22 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0145 article-title: Textile dyeing industry an environmental hazard publication-title: Nat. Sci. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0094 – volume: 17 start-page: 56 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0155 article-title: Environmental hazards of denim processing-I publication-title: Asian Dyer – volume: 3 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0002 article-title: Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made publication-title: Sci. Adv. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700782 – start-page: 57 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0113 article-title: Natural Textile Fibres – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0013 – volume: 249 start-page: 136 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0099 article-title: Microfiber release from different fabrics during washing publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.011 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0101 article-title: Evaluation of microfiber release from jeans: the impact of different washing conditions publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14761-1 – volume: 112 start-page: 39 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0084 article-title: Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: effects of fabric type and washing conditions publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025 – volume: 111 start-page: 540 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0131 article-title: Yarn evenness parameters optimization in jetring spinning process publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2019.1649582 – start-page: 49 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0158 article-title: Environmental impacts of denim washing – volume: 79 start-page: 634 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0135 article-title: An electronic instrument for measuring the hairiness of jute yarn publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1080/00405008808659170 – volume: 9 start-page: 6633 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0128 article-title: The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43023-x – volume: 32 start-page: 255 year: 1962 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0133 article-title: Fiber length distribution as a function of the number of fibers in a cross section of a yarn publication-title: Text. Res. J. doi: 10.1177/004051756203200401 – volume: 14 start-page: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0132 article-title: Yarn evenness publication-title: Text. Prog. doi: 10.1080/00405168608688901 – volume: 198 start-page: 175 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0152 article-title: Pectin based finishing to mitigate the impact of microplastics released by polyamide fabrics publication-title: Carbohydr. Polym. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.062 – start-page: 63 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0166 article-title: Sustainability in regenerated textile fibers – volume: 52 start-page: 12819 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0050 article-title: Global pattern of microplastics (MPs) in commercial food-grade salts: sea salt as an indicator of seawater MP pollution publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04180 – volume: 945–949 start-page: 1810 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0129 article-title: A new measurement system of yarn appearance based on machine vision publication-title: Adv. Mat. Res. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0066 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0033 – volume: 104 start-page: 290 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0138 article-title: Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment? publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006 – start-page: 61 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0023 – volume: 187 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0058 article-title: Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677 – volume: 272 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0075 article-title: Impact of dyes and finishes on the microfibers released on the laundering of cotton knitted fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115998 – volume: 16 start-page: 1057 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0106 article-title: Effect of alkali pre-treatment on hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose fibers (part 1: viscose) by cellulases publication-title: Cellulose doi: 10.1007/s10570-009-9345-6 – volume: 24 start-page: 19313 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0089 article-title: Release of polyester and cotton fibers from textiles in machine washings publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9621-1 – volume: 267 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0148 article-title: The origin of microplastic fiber in polyester textiles: the textile production process matters publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121970 – start-page: 1413 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0165 article-title: Eco-fibers in the textile Industry – start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0015 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0022 – volume: 236 start-page: 916 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0086 article-title: Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057 – start-page: 399 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0018 – volume: 236 start-page: 916 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0085 article-title: Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057 – volume: 416 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0043 article-title: Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124 – start-page: 419 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0017 – volume: 566 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0072 article-title: Basic principles of textile coloration publication-title: Soc. Dye. Colour. – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0019 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0036 – volume: 219 start-page: 161 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0049 article-title: Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: a review publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.018 – volume: 648 start-page: 631 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0051 article-title: Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.178 – start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0161 article-title: LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) on recycled polyester – volume: 34 start-page: 1982 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0056 article-title: Lack of evidence for microplastic contamination in honey publication-title: Food Addit. Contam. Part A doi: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1347281 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0011 – volume: 75 start-page: 288 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0121 article-title: A pilling mechanism of man-made cellulosic fabrics—effects of fibrillation publication-title: Text. Res. J. doi: 10.1177/0040517505054842 – start-page: 185 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0150 article-title: Processing of cotton and man-made cellulosic fibers – volume: 7 start-page: 1459 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0079 article-title: Azure B as a novel cyanide antidote: preclinical in-vivo studies publication-title: Toxicol. Rep. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.015 – volume: 191 start-page: 95 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0151 article-title: Enzymatic biopolishing of cotton fabric with free/immobilized cellulase publication-title: Carbohydr. Polym. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.067 – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0077 – start-page: 22 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0016 – volume: 96 start-page: 37 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0122 article-title: A pilling mechanism for cellulosic knit fabrics – effects of wet processing publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1533/joti.2004.0055 – volume: 45 start-page: 9175 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0069 article-title: Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es201811s – volume: 111 start-page: 846 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0123 article-title: Effects of alkali pretreatment on lyocell woven fabric and its influence on pilling properties publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2019.1665294 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0025 – volume: 44 start-page: 842 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0001 article-title: The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5 – start-page: 1521 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0169 article-title: Environmental friendly textile processing – volume: 138 start-page: 145 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0026 article-title: Microplastics: finding a consensus on the definition publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0031 – start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0125 article-title: Prediction of pilling grade of alkali-treated regenerated cellulosic fabric using fuzzy inference system publication-title: J. Text. Inst. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2021.2012909 – volume: 9 start-page: 53 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0163 – volume: 153 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0009 article-title: Presence of microplastics in water, sediments and fish species in an urban coastal environment of Fiji, a Pacific small island developing state publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110991 – volume: 38 start-page: 1838 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0080 article-title: Decolorization and toxicity of reactive anthraquinone textile dyes under methanogenic conditions publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.028 – volume: 1 start-page: 197 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0060 article-title: Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier publication-title: Dermatoendocrinol doi: 10.4161/derm.1.4.9501 – start-page: 419 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0141 article-title: Polyester and polyamide fibres – apparel applications – start-page: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0112 article-title: Cotton fibres, picking, ginning, Spinning and weaving – volume: 6 start-page: eaay8493 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0063 article-title: Microfibers in oceanic surface waters: a global characterization publication-title: Sci. Adv. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8493 – volume: 53 start-page: 11735 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0093 article-title: Importance of water-volume on the release of microplastic fibers from laundry publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03022 – volume: 364 start-page: 1985 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0005 article-title: Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments publication-title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0205 – volume: 26 start-page: 1 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0120 article-title: Yarn hairiness update publication-title: Text. Prog. doi: 10.1080/00405169708688867 – volume: 89 start-page: 4710 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0136 article-title: A novel analysis of spun yarn hairiness inside limited two-dimensional space publication-title: Text. Res. J. doi: 10.1177/0040517519841368 – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0119 article-title: Yarn hairiness publication-title: Text. Prog. doi: 10.1080/00405168308688897 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0149 doi: 10.1007/1-4020-5377-0_4 – volume: 165 start-page: 110 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0154 article-title: Novel finishing treatments of polyamide fabrics by electrofluidodynamic process to reduce microplastic release during washings publication-title: Polym. Degrad. Stab. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.001 – volume: 7 start-page: 101 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0082 article-title: Recent advances in Azo dye degrading enzyme research publication-title: Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. doi: 10.2174/138920306776359786 – volume: 221 start-page: 453 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0137 article-title: A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013 – volume: 129 start-page: 154 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0053 article-title: Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011 – volume: 747 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0044 article-title: Airborne emissions of microplastic fibres from domestic laundry dryers publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141175 – volume: 355 start-page: 184 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0153 article-title: Reaction of pectin and glycidyl methacrylate and ulterior formation of free films by reticulation publication-title: Int. J. Pharm. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.006 – start-page: 237 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0116 article-title: Compact spinning technology – volume: 12 start-page: 1113 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0047 article-title: Inhalation of poorly soluble particles. II. Influence of particle surface area on inflammation and clearance publication-title: Inhal. Toxicol. doi: 10.1080/08958370050166796 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0124 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0034 – volume: 62 start-page: 1596 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0021 article-title: Microplastics in the marine environment publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030 – start-page: 163 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0127 article-title: Woven structures and their characteristics – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0039 article-title: Microfiber release from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing conditions publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233332 – volume: 63 start-page: 1436 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0081 article-title: Comparative use of bacterial, algal and protozoan tests to study toxicity of azo- and anthraquinone dyes publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.002 – volume: 40 start-page: 91 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0065 article-title: Cellulolytic biodegradation of cotton fibers from a deep-ocean environment publication-title: J. Am. Inst. Conserv. doi: 10.1179/019713601806113076 – volume: 25 start-page: 1191 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0070 article-title: Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0528-7 – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0105 – start-page: 191 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0114 article-title: Fibre to yarn – volume: 65 start-page: 143 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0057 article-title: Origin of synthetic particles in honeys publication-title: Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. doi: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0025 – volume: 9 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0076 article-title: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety publication-title: J. Environ. Chem. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.105012 – volume: 12 start-page: 6219 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0037 article-title: Clothing lifespans: what should be measured and how publication-title: Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su12156219 – volume: 16 start-page: 43 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0115 article-title: Investigation of regenerated bamboo fibre and yarn characteristics publication-title: Fibres Text. East. Eur. – volume: 53 start-page: 7068 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0045 article-title: Human consumption of microplastics publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01517 – volume: 38 start-page: 2225 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0104 article-title: Crystallinity changes in lyocell and viscose-type fibres by caustic treatment publication-title: Eur. Polym. J. doi: 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00132-5 – volume: 7 start-page: 5473 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0030 article-title: Microplastics in eviscerated flesh and excised organs of dried fish publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05828-6 – volume: 30 start-page: 43 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0164 article-title: Ioncell-F: a high-strength regenerated cellulose fibre publication-title: Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. doi: 10.3183/npprj-2015-30-01-p043-057 – start-page: 1461 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0168 article-title: Eco-materials in textile finishing – volume: 196 start-page: 58 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0078 article-title: Biodegradation of Azure-B dye by Serratia liquefaciens and its validation by phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity studies publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.153 – volume: 10 start-page: 369 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0046 article-title: Possible mechanisms to explain dust overloading of the lungs publication-title: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90284-9 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0159 – volume: 219 start-page: 201 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0042 article-title: Uptake and effects of microplastic textile fibers on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.037 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0004 – volume: 236 start-page: 425 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0041 article-title: Environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics negatively impact the survival, growth and emergence of sediment-dwelling invertebrates publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.094 – volume: 25 start-page: 33 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0098 article-title: Structural properties of cellulose and cellulase reaction mechanism publication-title: Biotechnol. Bioeng. doi: 10.1002/bit.260250105 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0100 article-title: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict the release of microplastic fibers during domestic washing publication-title: J. Test. Eval. – volume: 268 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0064 article-title: Characteristics of biodegradable textiles used in environmental engineering: a comprehensive review publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122129 – volume: 133 start-page: 257 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0087 article-title: Quantification of microfibres released during washing of synthetic clothes in real conditions and at lab scale⋆ publication-title: Eur. Phys. J. Plus doi: 10.1140/epjp/i2018-12123-x – start-page: 106 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0157 article-title: Dyeing with indigo – volume: 252 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0052 article-title: Occurrence and identification of microplastics in tap water from China publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126493 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0071 – volume: 6 start-page: e03861 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0096 article-title: Design and performance optimisation of detergent product containing binary mixture of anionic-nonionic surfactants publication-title: Heliyon doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03861 – volume: 165 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0067 article-title: Impact of dyes and finishes on the aquatic biodegradability of cotton textile fibers and microfibers released on laundering clothes: correlations between enzyme adsorption and activity and biodegradation rates publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112030 – volume: 675 start-page: 462 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0143 article-title: Source and potential risk assessment of suspended atmospheric microplastics in Shanghai publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.110 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0012 – volume: 51 start-page: 7036 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0040 article-title: Polyester textiles as a source of microplastics from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01750 – volume: 24 start-page: 24928 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0142 article-title: Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city, China: preliminary research and first evidence publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0116-x – start-page: 48 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0118 article-title: Technologies for the manufacture of synthetic polymer fibers – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0068 – volume: 50 start-page: 11532 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0110 article-title: Microfiber masses recovered from conventional machine washing of new or aged garments publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03045 – start-page: 343 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0048 article-title: Micro- and nano-plastics and human health – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0014 – volume: 32 start-page: 41 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0090 article-title: Influence of household fabric softeners and laundry enzymes on pilling and breaking strength publication-title: Text. Chem. Color. Am. Dyest. Rep. – volume: 489 start-page: 423 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0095 article-title: Effect of Ca2+/Mg2+ on the stability of the foam system stabilized by an anionic surfactant: a molecular dynamics study publication-title: Colloids Surf. A doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.012 – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0107 – ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0032 – volume: 142 start-page: 394 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0126 article-title: Microfibers generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic biodegradation publication-title: Mar. Pollut. Bull. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.062 – volume: 44 start-page: 595 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0160 article-title: Cancer among women textile workers in Shanghai, China: overall incidence patterns, 1989–1998 publication-title: Am. J. Ind. Med. doi: 10.1002/ajim.10265 – volume: 257 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0091 article-title: Laundering and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553 – start-page: 95 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0140 article-title: Polyester fibres – volume: 54 start-page: 3288 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901_bib0102 article-title: Microfiber release to water, via laundering, and to air, via everyday use: a comparison between polyester clothing with differing textile parameters publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces |
| SSID | ssj0000451 |
| Score | 2.663659 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | •Sources, and pathways of microplastic pollution in the environments were discussed.•Influence of fiber fragments pollution and their threat to the ecology,... The production and consumption of textiles is continuously increasing due to the growth of population and fast fashion. Fiber fragments (1 µm–5 mm) released... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 109901 |
| SubjectTerms | Aquatic animals Bleaching Chemical finishing degradation detergents Domestic washing Drinking water Drying Emission Environmental pollution Environmental protection Environmental regulations fabrics Finishes food chain Food chains Fragments Garments Health hazards Knitting Microfibers Microplastics Plastic pollution pollution Reduction techniques for microplastics Sanding table salt temperature Textile Textiles Washing |
| Title | A review on microplastic emission from textile materials and its reduction techniques |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109901 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2668428832 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2648874821 |
| Volume | 199 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS8MwED_GBD8exE-czhFBH-vaLmtS8MExlKngkwPfQtakMNm6YueDL_7t3i3tpoIg2LemuRAuyeWX5nd3AOeBwMcXxuOmwz1ciZGn_YR7XcHTjvUDre2CIPsYDYb8_rn7XIN-5QtDtMrS9jubvrDWZUm71GY7H4_bREtC-EInFtrIBDn8ci5oll9-rGgeFD_F0RgDj2qvw8WK45XPJu9TQ1EZTEEeCiE2dunuin7bp35Y7MU2dLsD2yV-ZD3XxV2o2WwPNvpV2rY92PoSYXAfhj3mnFPYLGNTIt_lCJdRlpEA_Slj5GDCiP-B9oEhfnVTkunMsPG8QHHjAsyyZbjX4gCGtzdP_YFXZlLwEs7juWd0kAqRmthPQ1-EumPxaEourwgguMZDkgy5MEmcxGka-NpqRHFSpjKNQol4MuocQj2bZfYImD-SiDkQaPBRQGAg7iYy4lFksQDhm27AVaU3lZRhxinbxURVfLIX9UPtitSunNobEC3Fcxdv46-C19UgqW8TSOHe8NcmmtXgqnIlFwoBjOSUkjlswNnyMw4RXazozM7eqA6aQcFlGBz_vxcnsElvjlTZhPr89c2eIvCZj1qLmd2Ctd7dw-DxE1AoBBg |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS8MwED_mBD8exE-cTo2gj3VtlzYp-OAYyqZzTw58C1mTwkS74eaD_713Szs_QBDsY9oL4ZLc_dL87g7gLBD4-MJ43DS5hzsx9rSfci8SPGtaP9Dazgmy_bgz4LeP0WMF2mUsDNEqC9vvbPrcWhctjUKbjclo1CBaEsIXOrGQIxNyCZYpO1VUheVW967T_zTIPHJlCXngkcAKnH_SvCbj5_cXQ4kZzJSCFELs78JdF_3mqn4Y7bknutmEjQJCspYb5RZUbL4Nq-2ycts2rH9JMrgDgxZz8SlsnLMX4t9NEDGjLCMB-lnGKMaEEQUETQRDCOtWJdO5YaPZFMWNyzHLFhlfp7swuLl-aHe8opiCl3KezDyjg0yIzCR-Fvoi1E2Lp1OKekUMwTWek2TIhUmTNMmywNdWI5CTMpNZHEqElHFzD6r5OLf7wPyhRNiBWIMPA8IDSZTKmMexxQZEcLoGl6XeVFpkGqeCF8-qpJQ9qR9qV6R25dReg3ghPnEpN_4qeFVOkvq2hhS6h792US8nVxWbeaoQw0hOVZnDGpwuXuMU0d2Kzu34jb5BSyi4DIOD_4_iBFY7D_c91ev27w5hjd44jmUdqrPXN3uEOGg2PC7W-QctEwbJ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+review+on+microplastic+emission+from+textile+materials+and+its+reduction+techniques&rft.jtitle=Polymer+degradation+and+stability&rft.au=Periyasamy%2C+Aravin+Prince&rft.au=Tehrani-Bagha%2C+Ali&rft.date=2022-05-01&rft.issn=0141-3910&rft.volume=199&rft.spage=109901&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.polymdegradstab.2022.109901&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_polymdegradstab_2022_109901 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0141-3910&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0141-3910&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0141-3910&client=summon |