Testing the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis in Specific Language Impairment
This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing—a proportiona...
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| Published in | Journal of speech, language, and hearing research Vol. 42; no. 5; pp. 1205 - 1218 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Rockville, MD
ASHA
01.10.1999
American Speech Language Hearing Association American Speech-Language-Hearing Association |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1092-4388 1558-9102 |
| DOI | 10.1044/jslhr.4205.1205 |
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| Abstract | This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing—a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model—were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the CA group. Mean RTs of the SLI group were about one fifth slower across tasks than the CA group's mean RTs. Less slowing was evident for a subgroup of young children with expressive SLI than for children with mixed (expressive and receptive) SLI. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing. |
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| AbstractList | This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing—a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model—were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the CA group. Mean RTs of the SLI group were about one fifth slower across tasks than the CA group's mean RTs. Less slowing was evident for a subgroup of young children with expressive SLI than for children with mixed (expressive and receptive) SLI. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing. This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing--a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model--were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the CA group. Mean RTs of the SLI group were about one fifth slower across tasks than the CA group's mean RTs. Less slowing was evident for a subgroup of young children with expressive SLI than for children with mixed (expressive and receptive) SLI. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing.This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks compared to chronological-age (CA) peers. Three different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing--a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model--were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the CA group. Mean RTs of the SLI group were about one fifth slower across tasks than the CA group's mean RTs. Less slowing was evident for a subgroup of young children with expressive SLI than for children with mixed (expressive and receptive) SLI. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing. Investigated the proposition that children with SLI show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks. 3 different theoretical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing (a proportional, linear, and nonlinear model) were examined using regression analyses of group RT data. Each model was an excellent fit with the RT data. The most parsimonious model indicated that the SLI group was proportionally slower than the chronological aged peers. Although the mean RT data reflected many individual SLI children's RT performance, not all SLI children showed generalized slowing. (Original abstract - amended) Response time (RT) data from previous studies of children with specific language impairment (SLI) & their calendar age (CA) matches were examined in the context of three mathematical models consistent with the hypothesis of generalized slowing: the proportional, linear, & nonlinear regression models. A total of 33 experimental conditions from 10 response time tasks were reviewed. With the proportional model as the primary focus, results were discussed in terms of the relation between all SLI & CA groups' mean RTs, the relation between mixed SLI & CA groups' mean RTs, the relation between expressive SLI & CA groups' mean RTs, & the relation between individual SLI subjects' RTs & CA mean RTs. It was found that all three models accounted well for the relation between SLI & CA subjects' mean response times across tasks. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 1 Appendix, 34 References. D. Taylor |
| Author | Hwang, Mina Windsor, Jennifer |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Windsor, Jennifer – sequence: 2 fullname: Hwang, Mina |
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| Copyright | 2000 INIST-CNRS Copyright American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Oct 1999 |
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| Keywords | Human Communication disorder School age Language processing Response time Pathogenesis Child Language disorder |
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| Snippet | This study investigated the proposition that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks... Investigated the proposition that children with SLI show a generalized slowing of response time (RT) across tasks. 3 different theoretical models consistent... Response time (RT) data from previous studies of children with specific language impairment (SLI) & their calendar age (CA) matches were examined in the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Factors Biological and medical sciences Child Child clinical studies Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Delayed Language Acquisition Expressive Function of Language Female Humans Language Language and communication disorders Language Disorders - complications Language Disorders - diagnosis Language Impairments Language Skills Language Tests Learning disabilities Learning Disorders - complications Male Medical sciences Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reaction Time Reaction times Reading Comprehension Response time Severity of Illness Index Specific Language Impairment Speech Pathology Theories Young children |
| Title | Testing the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis in Specific Language Impairment |
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