Backward compatibility effects in younger and older adults

• Published in: Attention, perception & psychophysics Vol. 78; no. 5; pp. 1337 - 1350
• Main Authors: Hartley, Alan A., Maquestiaux, François, Festini, Sara B., Frazier, Kathryn, Krimmer, Patricia J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.07.2016; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Adolescent; Age differences; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging (Individuals); Behavioral Science and Psychology; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive science; Conflicts of interest; Evidence; Experiments; Feedback (Response); Female; Humans; Male; Older people; Principals; Psychology; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Refractory Period, Psychological; Resistance (Psychology); Short Term Memory; Stimuli; Task Performance and Analysis; Value added; Young Adult; Response selection; Aging; Parallel processing; Psychological refractory period; Backward compatibility effect; Response-selection bottleneck model; Dual task
• ISSN: 1943-3921; 1943-393X
• DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1113-8

In many dual-task situations, responses to the second of two tasks are slowed when the time between tasks is short. The response-selection bottleneck model of dual-task performance accounts for this phenomenon by assuming that central processing of the second task is blocked by a bottleneck until central processing of Task 1 is complete. This assumption could be called into question if it could be demonstrated that the response to Task 2 affected the central processing of Task 1, a backward response compatibility effect. Such effects are well-established in younger adults. Backward compatibility effects in older (as well as younger) adults were explored in two experiments. The first experiment found clear backward response compatibility effects for younger adults but no evidence of them for older adults. The second experiment explored backward stimulus compatibility and found similar effects in both younger and older adults. Evidence possibly consistent with some pre-bottleneck processing of Task 2 central stages also was found in the second experiment in both age groups. For younger adults, the results provide further evidence falsifying the claim of an immutable response selection bottleneck. For older adults, the evidence suggested that Task 2 affects Task 1 when there is stimulus compatibility but not when there is response compatibility.