COMBINATIONS OF RESPONSE-REINFORCER RELATIONS IN PERIODIC AND APERIODIC SCHEDULES
Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two‐component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response‐dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in...
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| Published in | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Vol. 99; no. 2; pp. 199 - 210 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-5002 1938-3711 1938-3711 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jeab.13 |
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| Abstract | Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two‐component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response‐dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response‐dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response–food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response–food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response–food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules. |
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| AbstractList | Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response-dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response-food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response-food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response-food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules. Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response-dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response-food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response-food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response-food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules.Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response-dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response-food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response-food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response-food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules. Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response-dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response-food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response-food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response-food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Kuroda, Toshikazu Dickson, Chata A. Cançado, Carlos R. X. Elcoro, Mirari Lattal, Kennon A. Cook, James E. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Toshikazu surname: Kuroda fullname: Kuroda, Toshikazu email: toshikazu.kuroda@gmail.com organization: West Virginia University – sequence: 2 givenname: Carlos R. X. surname: Cançado fullname: Cançado, Carlos R. X. organization: West Virginia University – sequence: 3 givenname: Kennon A. surname: Lattal fullname: Lattal, Kennon A. organization: West Virginia University – sequence: 4 givenname: Mirari surname: Elcoro fullname: Elcoro, Mirari organization: West Virginia University – sequence: 5 givenname: Chata A. surname: Dickson fullname: Dickson, Chata A. organization: West Virginia University – sequence: 6 givenname: James E. surname: Cook fullname: Cook, James E. organization: West Virginia University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319450$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1901/jeab.1976.26-495 10.1901/jeab.1984.42-485 10.1016/j.beproc.2011.07.001 10.1126/science.199.4324.88 10.1901/jeab.1997.68-375 10.1901/jeab.1973.20-265 10.1901/jeab.1975.23-241 10.1901/jeab.1972.18-133 10.1901/jeab.1978.30-169 10.1901/jeab.1979.31-15 10.1901/jeab.2010.93-129 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-661 10.1901/jeab.1989.51-101 10.1901/jeab.1972.18-231 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-553 10.1037/10627-000 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-405 10.1016/0023-9690(83)90028-0 10.1901/jeab.1987.48-383 10.1073/pnas.42.8.563 10.1901/jeab.1988.50-261 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-391 10.1901/jeab.1971.15-221 10.1901/jeab.1978.29-331 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-249 10.1901/jeab.1962.5-529 10.1901/jeab.1970.14-55 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-357 |
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| References | Lattal, K. A. (1975). Reinforcement contingencies as discriminative stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23, 241-246. Sizemore, O. J., & Lattal, K. A. (1978). Unsignalled delay of reinforcement in variable-interval schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30, 169-175. Zeiler, M. D. (1984). The sleeping giant: Reinforcement schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 42, 485-493. Zeiler, M. D. (1968). Fixed and variable schedules of response-independent reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 405-414. Lattal, K. A., & Abreu-Rodrigues, J. (1997). Response-independent events in the behavior stream. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 68, 375-398. Lattal, K. A. (1979). Reinforcement contingencies as discriminative stimuli: II. Effects of changes in stimulus probability. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 15-22. Lowe, C. F., Davey, G. C. L., & Harzem, P. (1974). Effects of reinforcement magnitude on interval and ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22, 553-560. Lattal, K. A. (1972). Response-reinforcer independence and conventional extinction following fixed-interval and variable-interval schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 18, 133-140. Lattal, K. A. (1973). Response-reinforcer dependence and independence in multiple and mixed schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 20, 265-271. Davison, M. C., & Tustin, R. D. (1978). The relation between the generalized matching law and signal-detection theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29, 331-336. Gleeson, S., & Lattal, K. A. (1987). Response-reinforcer relations and the maintenance of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 383-393. Schoenfeld, W. N., Cumming, W. W., & Hearst, E. (1956). On the classification of reinforcement schedules. 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| References_xml | – reference: Lattal, K. A. (1979). Reinforcement contingencies as discriminative stimuli: II. Effects of changes in stimulus probability. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 15-22. – reference: Sizemore, O. J., & Lattal, K. A. (1978). Unsignalled delay of reinforcement in variable-interval schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30, 169-175. – reference: Lattal, K. A., & Abreu-Rodrigues, J. (1997). Response-independent events in the behavior stream. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 68, 375-398. – reference: Lattal, K. A., & Bryan, A. (1976). Effects of concurrent response-independent reinforcement on fixed-interval schedule performance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 26, 495-504. – reference: Lattal, K. A. (1975). Reinforcement contingencies as discriminative stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23, 241-246. – reference: Rachlin, H., & Baum, W. M. (1972). Effects of alternative reinforcement: does the source matter? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 18, 231-241. – reference: Shull, R. L. (1971). Sequential patterns in postreinforcement pauses on fixed-interval schedules of food. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 15, 221-231. – reference: Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. – reference: Lowe, C. F., Davey, G. C. L., & Harzem, P. (1974). Effects of reinforcement magnitude on interval and ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22, 553-560. – reference: Neuringer, A. J., & Schneider, B. A. (1968). Separating the effects of interreinforcement time and number of interreinforcement responses. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 661-667. – reference: Gleeson, S., & Lattal, K. A. (1987). Response-reinforcer relations and the maintenance of behavior. 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| Snippet | Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two‐component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable... Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals aperiodic schedules Behavior Birds Body Weight Columbidae Conditioning, Operant Experiments Female Food key peck Male periodic schedules pigeons Reinforcement (Psychology) Reinforcement Schedule response rate response-reinforcer dependency Studies temporal patterns of responding |
| Title | COMBINATIONS OF RESPONSE-REINFORCER RELATIONS IN PERIODIC AND APERIODIC SCHEDULES |
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