Multidimensional assessment of time perception along the continuum of Alzheimer's Disease and evidence of alterations in subjective cognitive decline

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 22117
• Main Authors: Teghil, Alice, Boccia, Maddalena, Di Vita, Antonella, Zazzaro, Giulia, Sepe Monti, Micaela, Trebbastoni, Alessandro, Talarico, Giuseppina, Campanelli, Alessandra, Bruno, Giuseppe, Guariglia, Cecilia, de Lena, Carlo, D'Antonio, Fabrizia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 13.12.2023; Nature Publishing Group UK; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology; Dementia; Humans; Investigations; Learning; Memory; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Pacemakers; Perceptions; Physiology; Retrospective Studies; Temporal perception; Time Perception
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49222-x
• ISSN: 2045-2322

Timing alterations occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), even in early stages (mild cognitive impairment, MCI). Moreover, a stage named subjective cognitive decline (SCD), in which individuals perceive a change in cognitive performance not revealed by neuropsychological tests, has been identified as a preclinical phase of AD. However, no study to date has investigated different dimensions of time processing along the continuum from physiological to pathological aging, and whether timing alterations occur in SCD. Here a sample of participants with SCD, MCI, AD and healthy controls (HC) performed tasks assessing prospective duration estimation, production, reproduction, implicit temporal learning in conditions dependent from external cues (externally-cued learning, ECL) or independent from external cues (internally-based learning, IBL), retrospective duration estimation, the subjective experience of time and the temporal collocation of events. AD patients performed worse than HC and SCD in prospective timing, and in collocating events in time. The subjective experience of time did not differ between groups. Concerning temporal learning, AD performed worse in ECL than in IBL, whereas SCD performed worse in IBL than in ECL. SCD, MCI and AD patients all showed errors greater than HC in retrospective duration estimation. Results point to implicit temporal learning in externally-cued conditions and retrospective time estimation as possible early markers of cognitive decline.