Analysis of a tuberculosis model with undetected and lost-sight cases

•A tuberculosis model with undetected infectious and lost-sight cases is analyzed.•The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation.•Backward bifurcation occurs only for high and unrealistic ranges of reinfection rates.•For random values of the reinfection rates, the disease dies out. A det...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCommunications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation Vol. 41; pp. 48 - 63
Main Authors Moualeu, D.P., Nana Yakam, A., Bowong, S., Temgoua, A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.12.2016
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract •A tuberculosis model with undetected infectious and lost-sight cases is analyzed.•The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation.•Backward bifurcation occurs only for high and unrealistic ranges of reinfection rates.•For random values of the reinfection rates, the disease dies out. A deterministic model of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa including undetected and lost-sight cases is presented and analyzed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, when a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibrium points when the associated basic reproduction number (R0) is less than unity. Analyzing the model obviously reveals that exogenous reinfection plays a key role on the existence of backward bifurcation. However, an analysis of the ranges of exogenous reinfection suggested that backward bifurcation occurs only for very high and unrealistic ranges of the exogenous reinfection rate. Random perturbation of reinfection rates was performed to gain insight into the role of this latter on the stability of the disease free equilibrium.
AbstractList A deterministic model of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa including undetected and lost-sight cases is presented and analyzed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, when a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibrium points when the associated basic reproduction number (R sub(0)R0) is less than unity. Analyzing the model obviously reveals that exogenous reinfection plays a key role on the existence of backward bifurcation. However, an analysis of the ranges of exogenous reinfection suggested that backward bifurcation occurs only for very high and unrealistic ranges of the exogenous reinfection rate. Random perturbation of reinfection rates was performed to gain insight into the role of this latter on the stability of the disease free equilibrium.
•A tuberculosis model with undetected infectious and lost-sight cases is analyzed.•The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation.•Backward bifurcation occurs only for high and unrealistic ranges of reinfection rates.•For random values of the reinfection rates, the disease dies out. A deterministic model of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa including undetected and lost-sight cases is presented and analyzed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, when a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibrium points when the associated basic reproduction number (R0) is less than unity. Analyzing the model obviously reveals that exogenous reinfection plays a key role on the existence of backward bifurcation. However, an analysis of the ranges of exogenous reinfection suggested that backward bifurcation occurs only for very high and unrealistic ranges of the exogenous reinfection rate. Random perturbation of reinfection rates was performed to gain insight into the role of this latter on the stability of the disease free equilibrium.
A deterministic model of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa including undetected and lost-sight cases is presented and analyzed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurca-tion, when a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibrium points when the associated basic reproduction number (R 0) is less than unity. Analyzing the model obviously reveals that exogenous reinfection plays a key role on the existence of backward bifurcation. However, an analysis of the ranges of exogenous reinfection suggested that backward bifurcation occurs only for very high and unrealistic ranges of the exogeneous reinfection rate. Random perturbation of reinfection rates was performed to gain insight into the role of this latter on the stability of the disease free equilibrium .
Author Bowong, S.
Nana Yakam, A.
Moualeu, D.P.
Temgoua, A.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: D.P.
  surname: Moualeu
  fullname: Moualeu, D.P.
  organization: Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Vegetable Systems Modelling Section, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover D-30419, Germany
– sequence: 2
  givenname: A.
  surname: Nana Yakam
  fullname: Nana Yakam, A.
  organization: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
– sequence: 3
  givenname: S.
  surname: Bowong
  fullname: Bowong, S.
  email: sbowong@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
– sequence: 4
  givenname: A.
  surname: Temgoua
  fullname: Temgoua, A.
  organization: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
BackLink https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01317636$$DView record in HAL
BookMark eNqNkUtLxDAUhYMo-PwFbrrURWteTduFi0F8wYAbXYfk9tbJ0Em0aUf896aOuBThQm5uvhMu5xyTfR88EnLOaMEoU1frAnz0seDpUlBZUMb3yBGrqzqveCX3U09plZcVlYfkOMY1TWBTyiNyu_Cm_4wuZqHLTDZOFgeY-jBPNqHFPvtw4yqbfIsjwohtZnybpfcxj-51NWZgIsZTctCZPuLZz3lCXu5un28e8uXT_ePNYpmDlPWYA1imhDUVl9JYS1trBTaCNqpUSpSdLC1AU3MwaAVACx3HOpVEwYWRTJyQy92_K9Prt8FtzPCpg3H6YbHU84wywSol1HZmL3bs2xDeJ4yj3rgI2PfGY5iiZjWvGq6Ukv9By1IKLsuEih0KQ4hxwO53DUb1nIVe6-8s9JyFpjKtxJPqeqfCZM7W4aAjOPSArRuSq7oN7k_9F0_-lI0
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_health_2022_100111
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_020_09260_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epidem_2019_100374
crossref_primary_10_3934_mbe_2022509
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12190_023_01984_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amc_2022_126983
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10441_020_09406_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cnsns_2019_104920
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2019_121274
crossref_primary_10_1080_07362994_2020_1753539
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chaos_2021_110879
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00108-6
10.1001/jama.282.7.677
10.1007/s11538-005-9057-5
10.1137/S0036139902413829
10.3934/mbe.2004.1.361
10.1006/jtbi.2001.2489
10.1164/rccm.200409-1200OC
10.1126/science.1185449
10.1007/s11538-008-9295-4
10.1038/nri1704
10.1056/NEJM199910143411602
10.1016/j.mbs.2007.01.008
10.1093/imammb/19.2.113
10.1017/S0950268802007148
10.1051/mmnp/20127309
10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00027-8
10.1016/j.mbs.2008.02.005
10.1164/rccm.200606-759OC
10.1007/s002850050069
10.1126/science.273.5274.497
10.1016/j.mbs.2005.12.022
10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01141-1
10.1371/journal.pone.0120607
10.1007/s10852-012-9210-8
10.1137/S0036144500371907
10.1142/S0218339011004159
10.3934/mbe.2004.1.81
10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00038-9
10.1098/rsif.2008.0184
10.1128/JCM.39.6.2213-2218.2001
10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.05.045
10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.037
10.1006/tpbi.2000.1451
10.1007/s00285-008-0177-z
10.1186/1471-2334-11-276
10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00003-1
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2016
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Copyright_xml – notice: 2016
– notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SC
7TB
8FD
FR3
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
7QL
C1K
1XC
VOOES
DOI 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012
DatabaseName CrossRef
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
DatabaseTitleList Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)


Civil Engineering Abstracts
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Applied Sciences
Mathematics
EISSN 1878-7274
EndPage 63
ExternalDocumentID oai_HAL_hal_01317636v1
10_1016_j_cnsns_2016_04_012
S1007570416301149
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-01
-0A
-0I
-0Y
-SA
-S~
.~1
0R~
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
29F
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VR
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
92M
9D9
9DA
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAXUO
ABAOU
ABFNM
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABNEU
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACAZW
ACDAQ
ACFVG
ACGFS
ACNNM
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADGUI
ADMUD
ADTZH
AEBSH
AECPX
AEKER
AENEX
AFKWA
AFTJW
AFUIB
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHJVU
AIEXJ
AIGVJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AIVDX
AJBFU
AJOXV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ARUGR
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BJAXD
BKOJK
BLXMC
CAJEA
CAJUS
CCEZO
CCVFK
CHBEP
CS3
CUBFJ
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
FA0
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
JJJVA
JUIAU
KOM
M41
MHUIS
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OGIMB
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q--
Q-0
Q38
R-A
R-I
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
RT1
RT9
S..
SDF
SDG
SES
SEW
SPC
SPCBC
SPD
SSQ
SST
SSW
SSZ
T5K
T8Q
T8Y
U1F
U1G
U5A
U5I
U5K
UHS
~G-
~LA
AAXDM
AAXKI
AAYXX
AFJKZ
AKRWK
CITATION
7SC
7TB
8FD
FR3
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
7QL
C1K
1XC
VOOES
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-ccb163ba7244abb0dbb3e9309656635f45bcc982caeb3ccdcf2e82e84e323a413
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 1007-5704
IngestDate Tue Oct 15 16:02:10 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 22:16:30 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 04:48:04 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 18:52:35 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:25:44 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Bifurcation
Mathematical models
Tuberculosis
Stability
Nonlinear dynamical systems
Language English
License Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c448t-ccb163ba7244abb0dbb3e9309656635f45bcc982caeb3ccdcf2e82e84e323a413
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01317636
PQID 1825543245
PQPubID 23500
PageCount 16
ParticipantIDs hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_01317636v1
proquest_miscellaneous_1827926664
proquest_miscellaneous_1825543245
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cnsns_2016_04_012
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_cnsns_2016_04_012
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate December 2016
2016-12-00
20161201
2016-12
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2016-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2016
  text: December 2016
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: Elsevier
References Verver, Warren, Beyers, Richardson, van der Spuy, Borgdorff (bib0048) 2005; 171
van Rie, Richardson, Victor, Gie, Enarson, Beyers (bib0047) 1999; 341
Elbasha, Gumel (bib0021) 2006; 68
Brauer (bib0012) 2004; 298
Wang (bib0049) 2006; 201
Dye, Williams (bib0020) 2010; 328
Kar, Mondal (bib0029) 2012; 11
Bhunu, Garira, Mukandavire, Zimba (bib0009) 2008; 70
Nunn, Williams, Floyd, Dye, Elzinga, Raviglione (bib0042) 2005; 5
Iggidr, Mbang, Sallet (bib0026) 2007; 209
Bacaër, Ouifki, Pretorius, Wood, Williams (bib0003) 2008; 57
Yang (bib0052) 2002; 19
Kamgang, Sallet (bib0028) 2008; 213
Balabanova, Tchernyshev, Tsigankov, Maximova, Mikheeva, Fedyukovitch (bib0004) 2011; 11
Aparicio, Capurro, Castillo-Chavez (bib0001) 2002; 215
WHO (bib0050) 2012
Hethcote (bib0024) 2000; 42
Feng, Castillo-Chavez, Capurro (bib0022) 2000; 57
Brauer, Castillo-Chavez (bib0013) 2001
Benatar (bib0007) 2006; 15
Iggidr, Kamgang, Sallet, Tewa (bib0025) 2007; 1
Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (bib0031) 2007
Moualeu-Ngangue (bib0036) 2013
van den Driessche, Watmough (bib0046) 2002; 180
Uys, van Helden, Hargrove (bib0045) 2009; 6
Carr (bib0014) 1981
Blower, Small, Hopewell (bib0011) 1996; 273
Castillo-Chavez, Thieme (bib0017) 1995; vol. 1
Murphy, Singer, Kirschner (bib0038) 2003; 223
Dye, Schele, Dolin, Pathania, Raviglione (bib0019) 1999; 282
Moualeu, Mbang, Ndoundam, Bowong (bib0034) 2011; 19
Murray, Styblo, Rouillon (bib0039) 1990; 65
Castillo-Chavez, Song (bib0016) 2004; 1
Wood, Middelkoop, Myer, Grant, Whitelaw (bib0051) 2007; 175
Kribs-Zaleta, Halesco-Hernandez (bib0030) 2000; 164
Begon, Bennett, Bowers, French, Hazel, Turner (bib0006) 2002; 129
Arino, McCluskey, van den Driessche (bib0002) 2003; 64
Hadeler, van den Driessche (bib0023) 1997; 146
Iggidr, Mbang, Sallet, Tewa (bib0027) 2007; 1
Moualeu, Weiser, Ehrig, Deuflhard (bib0035) 2015; 20
NIS (bib0041) 2010
Birkhoff, Rota (bib0010) 1978
Chintu, Mwinga (bib0018) 1999; 353
Moualeu-Ngangue, Röblitz, Ehrig, Deuflhard (bib0037) 2015; 10
Moualeu, Bowong, Emvudu (bib0032) 2011; 29
NCFT. Guide de personnel de la santé. 2001. National Comity of Fight Againts Tuberculosis, Ministère de la Santé Publique du Cameroun.
Benatar, Daar, Singer (bib0008) 2005; 2
Castillo-Chavez, Feng (bib0015) 1997; 35
Okuonghae, Korobeinikov (bib0043) 2007; 2
Moualeu, Bowong, Emvudu (bib0033) 2012; 7
Bandera, Gori, Catozzi, Esposti, Marchetti, Molteni (bib0005) 2001; 39
Singer, Kirchner (bib0044) 2004; 1
Feng (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0022) 2000; 57
Balabanova (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0004) 2011; 11
NIS (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0040) 2010
Moualeu-Ngangue (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0037) 2015; 10
Blower (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0011) 1996; 273
Dye (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0020) 2010; 328
Kar (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0029) 2012; 11
Moualeu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0033) 2012; 7
Castillo-Chavez (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0015) 1997; 35
WHO (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0049) 2012
Bandera (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0005) 2001; 39
Moualeu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0034) 2011; 19
Benatar (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0007) 2006; 15
Murray (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0039) 1990; 65
Verver (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0048) 2005; 171
Arino (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0002) 2003; 64
Iggidr (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0025) 2007; 1
Benatar (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0008) 2005; 2
Moualeu-Ngangue (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0036) 2013
Brauer (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0012) 2004; 298
Nunn (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0042) 2005; 5
Wang (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0049) 2006; 201
Murphy (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0038) 2003; 223
Castillo-Chavez (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0016) 2004; 1
Castillo-Chavez (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0017) 1995; vol. 1
Kumar (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0031) 2007
Kamgang (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0028) 2008; 213
Birkhoff (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0010) 1978
Carr (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0014) 1981
van Rie (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0047) 1999; 341
Kribs-Zaleta (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0030) 2000; 164
Bhunu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0009) 2008; 70
Iggidr (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0027) 2007; 1
Hethcote (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0024) 2000; 42
van den Driessche (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0046) 2002; 180
10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0040
Aparicio (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0001) 2002; 215
Moualeu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0035) 2015; 20
Brauer (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0013) 2001
Yang (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0052) 2002; 19
Singer (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0044) 2004; 1
Okuonghae (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0043) 2007; 2
Chintu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0018) 1999; 353
Elbasha (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0021) 2006; 68
Hadeler (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0023) 1997; 146
Uys (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0045) 2009; 6
Dye (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0019) 1999; 282
Moualeu (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0032) 2011; 29
Begon (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0006) 2002; 129
Bacaër (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0003) 2008; 57
Iggidr (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0026) 2007; 209
Wood (10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0051) 2007; 175
References_xml – year: 2013
  ident: bib0036
  publication-title: A mathematical tuberculosis model in cameroon, [Ph.D. thesis]
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu-Ngangue
– volume: 1
  start-page: 506
  year: 2007
  end-page: 519
  ident: bib0027
  article-title: Multi-compartment models
  publication-title: Discret Contin Dyn Syst Ser B
  contributor:
    fullname: Tewa
– volume: 180
  start-page: 28
  year: 2002
  end-page: 29
  ident: bib0046
  article-title: Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: Watmough
– volume: 19
  start-page: 113
  year: 2002
  end-page: 135
  ident: bib0052
  article-title: The effects of re-infection in directly transmitted infections modeled with vaccination
  publication-title: IMA J Math Appl Med Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 7
  start-page: 117
  year: 2012
  end-page: 146
  ident: bib0033
  article-title: Analysis of the impact of diabetes on the dynamics transmission of tuberculosis
  publication-title: Math Model Nat Phenom
  contributor:
    fullname: Emvudu
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1097
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1116
  ident: bib0032
  article-title: Global properties of a tuberculosis model with
  publication-title: JAMI
  contributor:
    fullname: Emvudu
– volume: 341
  start-page: 1174
  year: 1999
  end-page: 1179
  ident: bib0047
  article-title: Exogenous reinfection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Beyers
– volume: 19
  start-page: 683
  year: 2011
  end-page: 723
  ident: bib0034
  article-title: Modeling and analysis of HIV and hepatitis
  publication-title: J Biol Syst
  contributor:
    fullname: Bowong
– volume: 5
  start-page: 819
  year: 2005
  end-page: 826
  ident: bib0042
  article-title: Tuberculosis control in the era of HIV
  publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Raviglione
– volume: 223
  start-page: 391
  year: 2003
  end-page: 404
  ident: bib0038
  article-title: On the treatment of tuberculosis in hetergeneous populations
  publication-title: J Theor Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Kirschner
– volume: 15
  start-page: 322
  year: 2006
  end-page: 330
  ident: bib0007
  article-title: Facing ethical challenges in rolling out antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor countries: Comment on “they call it ‘patient selection’ in khayelitsha”
  publication-title: Camb Q Healthc Eth
  contributor:
    fullname: Benatar
– year: 2007
  ident: bib0031
  publication-title: Basic pathology
  contributor:
    fullname: Mitchell
– volume: 201
  start-page: 58
  year: 2006
  end-page: 71
  ident: bib0049
  article-title: Backward bifurcation of an epidemic model with treatment
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 1
  start-page: 361
  year: 2004
  end-page: 404
  ident: bib0016
  article-title: Dynamical models of tuberculosis and their applications
  publication-title: Math Biosci Eng
  contributor:
    fullname: Song
– year: 1978
  ident: bib0010
  publication-title: Ordinary differential equations
  contributor:
    fullname: Rota
– year: 2012
  ident: bib0050
  article-title: Global tuberculosis control: Surveillance, planning, financing
  contributor:
    fullname: WHO
– volume: 57
  start-page: 557
  year: 2008
  end-page: 593
  ident: bib0003
  article-title: Modeling the joint epidemics of TB and HIV in a South African township
  publication-title: J Math Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 353
  start-page: 997
  year: 1999
  end-page: 1005
  ident: bib0018
  article-title: An African perspective of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
  publication-title: Lancet
  contributor:
    fullname: Mwinga
– volume: 11
  start-page: 433
  year: 2012
  end-page: 459
  ident: bib0029
  article-title: Global dynamics of a tuberculosis epidemic model and the influence of backward bifurcation
  publication-title: J Math Model Algorithm
  contributor:
    fullname: Mondal
– volume: 171
  start-page: 1430
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1435
  ident: bib0048
  article-title: Rate of reinfection tuberculosis after successful treatment is higher than rate of new tuberculosis
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Borgdorff
– volume: 146
  start-page: 15
  year: 1997
  end-page: 35
  ident: bib0023
  article-title: Backward bifurcation in epidemic control
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: van den Driessche
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 12
  ident: bib0028
  article-title: Computation of threshold conditions for epidemiological models and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE)
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: Sallet
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0120607
  year: 2015
  ident: bib0037
  article-title: Parameter identification in a tuberculosis model for cameroon
  publication-title: PloS One
  contributor:
    fullname: Deuflhard
– volume: 129
  start-page: 147
  year: 2002
  end-page: 153
  ident: bib0006
  article-title: A clarification of transmission terms in host-microparasite models : Numbers, densities and areas
  publication-title: Epidemiol Infect
  contributor:
    fullname: Turner
– volume: 1
  start-page: 260
  year: 2007
  end-page: 278
  ident: bib0025
  article-title: Global analysis of new malaria intrahost models with a competitive exclusion principle
  publication-title: SIAM J Appl Math
  contributor:
    fullname: Tewa
– volume: 6
  start-page: 11
  year: 2009
  end-page: 15
  ident: bib0045
  article-title: Tuberculosis reinfection rate as a proportion of total infection rate correlates with the logarithm of the incidence rate: A mathematical model
  publication-title: J R Soc Interface
  contributor:
    fullname: Hargrove
– volume: 70
  start-page: 1163
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1191
  ident: bib0009
  article-title: Tuberculosis transmission model with chemoprophylaxis and treatment
  publication-title: Bull Math Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Zimba
– year: 1981
  ident: bib0014
  publication-title: Applications centre manifold theory
  contributor:
    fullname: Carr
– volume: 273
  start-page: 497
  year: 1996
  end-page: 500
  ident: bib0011
  article-title: Control strategies for tuberculosis epidemics: New method for old problem
  publication-title: Science
  contributor:
    fullname: Hopewell
– volume: 215
  start-page: 227
  year: 2002
  end-page: 237
  ident: bib0001
  article-title: Markers of disease evolution: The case of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Theor Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Castillo-Chavez
– volume: 64
  start-page: 260
  year: 2003
  end-page: 276
  ident: bib0002
  article-title: Global result for an epidemic model with vaccination that exihibits backward bifurcation
  publication-title: SIAM J Appl Math
  contributor:
    fullname: van den Driessche
– volume: vol. 1
  start-page: 33
  year: 1995
  end-page: 50
  ident: bib0017
  article-title: Asymptotically autonomous epidemic models
  publication-title: Mathematical population dynamics: Analysis of heterogeneity theory of epidemics
  contributor:
    fullname: Thieme
– volume: 298
  start-page: 418
  year: 2004
  end-page: 431
  ident: bib0012
  article-title: Backward bifurcation in simple vaccination models
  publication-title: J Math Anal Appl
  contributor:
    fullname: Brauer
– year: 2010
  ident: bib0041
  article-title: Rapport sur la présentation des résultats définitifs
  contributor:
    fullname: NIS
– volume: 39
  start-page: 2213
  year: 2001
  end-page: 2218
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: Molecular epidemiology study of exogenous reinfection in an area with a low incidence of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Molteni
– volume: 282
  start-page: 677
  year: 1999
  end-page: 686
  ident: bib0019
  article-title: For the who global surveillance and monitoring project: Global burden of tuberculosis estimated incidence and prevalence and mortality by country
  publication-title: JAMA
  contributor:
    fullname: Raviglione
– volume: 209
  start-page: 51
  year: 2007
  end-page: 75
  ident: bib0026
  article-title: Stability analysis of within-host parasite models with delays
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: Sallet
– volume: 20
  start-page: 986
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1003
  ident: bib0035
  article-title: Optimal control for a tuberculosis model with undetected cases in cameroon
  publication-title: Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul
  contributor:
    fullname: Deuflhard
– volume: 68
  start-page: 577
  year: 2006
  end-page: 614
  ident: bib0021
  article-title: Theoretical assesssment of public health impact of imperfect prophylatics HIV-1 vaccines with therapeutic benefits
  publication-title: Bull Math Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Gumel
– volume: 11
  start-page: 276
  year: 2011
  ident: bib0004
  article-title: Analysis of undiagnosed tuberculosis-related deaths identified at post-mortem among HIV-infected patients in Russia: A descriptive study
  publication-title: BMC Infect Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Fedyukovitch
– volume: 2
  start-page: 100
  year: 2005
  end-page: 102
  ident: bib0008
  article-title: Global health challenges: The need for an expanded discourse on bioethics
  publication-title: Public Libr Sci Med PLOS
  contributor:
    fullname: Singer
– volume: 1
  start-page: 81
  year: 2004
  end-page: 91
  ident: bib0044
  article-title: Influence of backward bifurcation on interpretation of
  publication-title: Math Biosci Eng
  contributor:
    fullname: Kirchner
– volume: 2
  start-page: 101
  year: 2007
  end-page: 113
  ident: bib0043
  article-title: Dynamics of tuberculosis: The effect of direct observation therapy strategy (dots) in nigeria
  publication-title: Math Mod Nat Phen
  contributor:
    fullname: Korobeinikov
– volume: 57
  start-page: 235
  year: 2000
  end-page: 247
  ident: bib0022
  article-title: A model for tuberculosis with exogenous reinfection
  publication-title: Theor Popul Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Capurro
– volume: 328
  start-page: 856
  year: 2010
  end-page: 861
  ident: bib0020
  article-title: The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis
  publication-title: Science
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 175
  start-page: 87
  year: 2007
  end-page: 93
  ident: bib0051
  article-title: Undiagnosed tuberculosis in a community with high HIV prevalence: implications for tuberculosis control
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Whitelaw
– volume: 35
  start-page: 629
  year: 1997
  end-page: 635
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: To treat or not to treat: The case of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Math Biol
  contributor:
    fullname: Feng
– volume: 65
  start-page: 6
  year: 1990
  end-page: 24
  ident: bib0039
  article-title: Tuberculosis in developing countries: Burden, intervention, and cost
  publication-title: Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Rouillon
– year: 2001
  ident: bib0013
  publication-title: Mathematical models in population biology and epidemiology
  contributor:
    fullname: Castillo-Chavez
– volume: 42
  start-page: 599
  year: 2000
  end-page: 653
  ident: bib0024
  article-title: The mathematics of infectious diseases
  publication-title: SIAM Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Hethcote
– volume: 164
  start-page: 183
  year: 2000
  end-page: 201
  ident: bib0030
  article-title: A simple vaccination model with multiple endemic states
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  contributor:
    fullname: Halesco-Hernandez
– ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0040
– volume: 180
  start-page: 28
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0046
  article-title: Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00108-6
  contributor:
    fullname: van den Driessche
– volume: 282
  start-page: 677
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0019
  article-title: For the who global surveillance and monitoring project: Global burden of tuberculosis estimated incidence and prevalence and mortality by country
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.282.7.677
  contributor:
    fullname: Dye
– volume: 68
  start-page: 577
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0021
  article-title: Theoretical assesssment of public health impact of imperfect prophylatics HIV-1 vaccines with therapeutic benefits
  publication-title: Bull Math Biol
  doi: 10.1007/s11538-005-9057-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Elbasha
– volume: 64
  start-page: 260
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0002
  article-title: Global result for an epidemic model with vaccination that exihibits backward bifurcation
  publication-title: SIAM J Appl Math
  doi: 10.1137/S0036139902413829
  contributor:
    fullname: Arino
– volume: 1
  start-page: 361
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0016
  article-title: Dynamical models of tuberculosis and their applications
  publication-title: Math Biosci Eng
  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2004.1.361
  contributor:
    fullname: Castillo-Chavez
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1097
  issue: 5-6
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0032
  article-title: Global properties of a tuberculosis model with nlatents classes
  publication-title: JAMI
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu
– year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0040
  contributor:
    fullname: NIS
– volume: 1
  start-page: 506
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0027
  article-title: Multi-compartment models
  publication-title: Discret Contin Dyn Syst Ser B
  contributor:
    fullname: Iggidr
– volume: 215
  start-page: 227
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0001
  article-title: Markers of disease evolution: The case of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Theor Biol
  doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2489
  contributor:
    fullname: Aparicio
– volume: 171
  start-page: 1430
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0048
  article-title: Rate of reinfection tuberculosis after successful treatment is higher than rate of new tuberculosis
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  doi: 10.1164/rccm.200409-1200OC
  contributor:
    fullname: Verver
– year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0013
  contributor:
    fullname: Brauer
– volume: 328
  start-page: 856
  issue: 5980
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0020
  article-title: The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1185449
  contributor:
    fullname: Dye
– volume: 70
  start-page: 1163
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0009
  article-title: Tuberculosis transmission model with chemoprophylaxis and treatment
  publication-title: Bull Math Biol
  doi: 10.1007/s11538-008-9295-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Bhunu
– year: 1981
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0014
  contributor:
    fullname: Carr
– volume: vol. 1
  start-page: 33
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0017
  article-title: Asymptotically autonomous epidemic models
  contributor:
    fullname: Castillo-Chavez
– volume: 5
  start-page: 819
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0042
  article-title: Tuberculosis control in the era of HIV
  publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol
  doi: 10.1038/nri1704
  contributor:
    fullname: Nunn
– volume: 341
  start-page: 1174
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0047
  article-title: Exogenous reinfection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM199910143411602
  contributor:
    fullname: van Rie
– volume: 209
  start-page: 51
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0026
  article-title: Stability analysis of within-host parasite models with delays
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2007.01.008
  contributor:
    fullname: Iggidr
– volume: 19
  start-page: 113
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0052
  article-title: The effects of re-infection in directly transmitted infections modeled with vaccination
  publication-title: IMA J Math Appl Med Biol
  doi: 10.1093/imammb/19.2.113
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 129
  start-page: 147
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0006
  article-title: A clarification of transmission terms in host-microparasite models : Numbers, densities and areas
  publication-title: Epidemiol Infect
  doi: 10.1017/S0950268802007148
  contributor:
    fullname: Begon
– volume: 7
  start-page: 117
  issue: 03
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0033
  article-title: Analysis of the impact of diabetes on the dynamics transmission of tuberculosis
  publication-title: Math Model Nat Phenom
  doi: 10.1051/mmnp/20127309
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu
– volume: 146
  start-page: 15
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0023
  article-title: Backward bifurcation in epidemic control
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00027-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Hadeler
– volume: 15
  start-page: 322
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0007
  article-title: Facing ethical challenges in rolling out antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor countries: Comment on “they call it ‘patient selection’ in khayelitsha”
  publication-title: Camb Q Healthc Eth
  contributor:
    fullname: Benatar
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0028
  article-title: Computation of threshold conditions for epidemiological models and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE)
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2008.02.005
  contributor:
    fullname: Kamgang
– year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0031
  contributor:
    fullname: Kumar
– volume: 175
  start-page: 87
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0051
  article-title: Undiagnosed tuberculosis in a community with high HIV prevalence: implications for tuberculosis control
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  doi: 10.1164/rccm.200606-759OC
  contributor:
    fullname: Wood
– volume: 35
  start-page: 629
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0015
  article-title: To treat or not to treat: The case of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Math Biol
  doi: 10.1007/s002850050069
  contributor:
    fullname: Castillo-Chavez
– year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_sbref0049
  contributor:
    fullname: WHO
– volume: 2
  start-page: 100
  issue: 7
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0008
  article-title: Global health challenges: The need for an expanded discourse on bioethics
  publication-title: Public Libr Sci Med PLOS
  contributor:
    fullname: Benatar
– volume: 273
  start-page: 497
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0011
  article-title: Control strategies for tuberculosis epidemics: New method for old problem
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.273.5274.497
  contributor:
    fullname: Blower
– volume: 201
  start-page: 58
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0049
  article-title: Backward bifurcation of an epidemic model with treatment
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.12.022
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0036
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu-Ngangue
– volume: 1
  start-page: 260
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0025
  article-title: Global analysis of new malaria intrahost models with a competitive exclusion principle
  publication-title: SIAM J Appl Math
  contributor:
    fullname: Iggidr
– volume: 353
  start-page: 997
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0018
  article-title: An African perspective of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01141-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Chintu
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0120607
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0037
  article-title: Parameter identification in a tuberculosis model for cameroon
  publication-title: PloS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120607
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu-Ngangue
– volume: 11
  start-page: 433
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0029
  article-title: Global dynamics of a tuberculosis epidemic model and the influence of backward bifurcation
  publication-title: J Math Model Algorithm
  doi: 10.1007/s10852-012-9210-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Kar
– volume: 42
  start-page: 599
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0024
  article-title: The mathematics of infectious diseases
  publication-title: SIAM Rev
  doi: 10.1137/S0036144500371907
  contributor:
    fullname: Hethcote
– volume: 19
  start-page: 683
  issue: 04
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0034
  article-title: Modeling and analysis of HIV and hepatitis cco-infections
  publication-title: J Biol Syst
  doi: 10.1142/S0218339011004159
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu
– volume: 1
  start-page: 81
  issue: 1
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0044
  article-title: Influence of backward bifurcation on interpretation of R0 in a model of epidemic tuberculosis with reinfection
  publication-title: Math Biosci Eng
  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2004.1.81
  contributor:
    fullname: Singer
– volume: 65
  start-page: 6
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0039
  article-title: Tuberculosis in developing countries: Burden, intervention, and cost
  publication-title: Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– volume: 223
  start-page: 391
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0038
  article-title: On the treatment of tuberculosis in hetergeneous populations
  publication-title: J Theor Biol
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00038-9
  contributor:
    fullname: Murphy
– volume: 6
  start-page: 11
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0045
  article-title: Tuberculosis reinfection rate as a proportion of total infection rate correlates with the logarithm of the incidence rate: A mathematical model
  publication-title: J R Soc Interface
  doi: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0184
  contributor:
    fullname: Uys
– volume: 39
  start-page: 2213
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0005
  article-title: Molecular epidemiology study of exogenous reinfection in an area with a low incidence of tuberculosis
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2213-2218.2001
  contributor:
    fullname: Bandera
– volume: 298
  start-page: 418
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0012
  article-title: Backward bifurcation in simple vaccination models
  publication-title: J Math Anal Appl
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.05.045
  contributor:
    fullname: Brauer
– year: 1978
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0010
  contributor:
    fullname: Birkhoff
– volume: 2
  start-page: 101
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0043
  article-title: Dynamics of tuberculosis: The effect of direct observation therapy strategy (dots) in nigeria
  publication-title: Math Mod Nat Phen
  contributor:
    fullname: Okuonghae
– volume: 20
  start-page: 986
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0035
  article-title: Optimal control for a tuberculosis model with undetected cases in cameroon
  publication-title: Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul
  doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.037
  contributor:
    fullname: Moualeu
– volume: 57
  start-page: 235
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0022
  article-title: A model for tuberculosis with exogenous reinfection
  publication-title: Theor Popul Biol
  doi: 10.1006/tpbi.2000.1451
  contributor:
    fullname: Feng
– volume: 57
  start-page: 557
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0003
  article-title: Modeling the joint epidemics of TB and HIV in a South African township
  publication-title: J Math Biol
  doi: 10.1007/s00285-008-0177-z
  contributor:
    fullname: Bacaër
– volume: 11
  start-page: 276
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0004
  article-title: Analysis of undiagnosed tuberculosis-related deaths identified at post-mortem among HIV-infected patients in Russia: A descriptive study
  publication-title: BMC Infect Dis
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-276
  contributor:
    fullname: Balabanova
– volume: 164
  start-page: 183
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012_bib0030
  article-title: A simple vaccination model with multiple endemic states
  publication-title: Math Biosci
  doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00003-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Kribs-Zaleta
SSID ssj0016954
Score 2.2888536
Snippet •A tuberculosis model with undetected infectious and lost-sight cases is analyzed.•The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation.•Backward...
A deterministic model of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa including undetected and lost-sight cases is presented and analyzed. The model is shown to...
SourceID hal
proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 48
SubjectTerms Bifurcation
Bifurcations
Computer simulation
Gain
Mathematical models
Mathematics
Mycobacterium
Nonlinear dynamical systems
Perturbation methods
Reproduction
Stability
Tuberculosis
Unity
Title Analysis of a tuberculosis model with undetected and lost-sight cases
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.04.012
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1825543245
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1827926664
https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01317636
Volume 41
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEB7c9eLFt7i-iOLRuH2kaXpcRFmfFxW8hSRNUZGu2K5Hf7sz3VZQ0IPQS9OEhi_JzJfO9AvAoZImj6VJeeptygXOGG4jUfAszY0LpA2SJqJ7fSPH9-LiIXmYg5PuXxhKq2xt_8ymN9a6LRm2aA5fn56GtxTfT9KAGAWx-qwH8-iOItWH-dH55fjmK5ggs-YwNKrPqUEnPtSkebmyKkm2O5SN5GkY_eageo-UKfnDYDde6GwZFlv6yEazHq7AnC9XYamlkqxdqNUanHZiI2xSMMPqqfVvbvoyoZLm8BtGH2AZ_UFGUQRsa8qc4fOaV7RdZw69W7UO92endydj3p6YwB1us2runEU0rEnRaRtrg9za2GcxKbwQsyhEYp3LVOQM7qGdy10ReYWX8HEUG_RnG9AvJ6XfBBb4yKaZVLEJrVC5UCbOiiRxRsVB4b0awFEHk36dCWPoLmPsWTeoakJVB0IjqgOQHZT62_hqNN1_NzxA4L9eQWrY49GVpjKSCkLzKN_DAex346JxeVDMw5R-Mq00bp-QMCFrTP6sk2ZIVKTY-m8vt2GB7mZ5LjvQr9-mfhfZSm33oHf8Ee61c_ITedbotQ
link.rule.ids 230,315,783,787,888,4509,24128,27936,27937,45597,45691
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEB58HPTiW1yfUTwattumaXNcRKm67kUFbyFJU1SkK7br73em2woKehB6yoOWL8nMl87kC8BpKk0eSZPwxNuEC5wx3Iai4CrJjQukDeImons7ltmDuH6MH-fgvDsLQ2mVre2f2fTGWrcl_RbN_tvzc_-O4vtxEhCjIFav5mER2YDC1bk4vLrJxl_BBKmay9CoPacOnfhQk-blyqok2e6BbCRPB-FvDmr-iTIlfxjsxgtdrsFKSx_ZcPaF6zDnyw1YbakkaxdqtQkXndgImxTMsHpq_bubvk6opLn8htEPWEYnyCiKgH1NmTOsr3lF23Xm0LtVW_BweXF_nvH2xgTucJtVc-csomFNgk7bWBvk1kZeRaTwQsyiELF1TqWhM7iHdi53RehTfISPwsigP9uGhXJS-h1ggQ9tomQamYEVaS5SE6kijp1Jo6DwPu3BWQeTfpsJY-guY-xFN6hqQlUHQiOqPZAdlPrb-Go03X93PEHgv15BatjZcKSpjKSC0DzKj0EPjrtx0bg8KOZhSj-ZVhq3T0iYkDXGf7ZJFBIVKXb_-5VHsJTd34706Gp8swfLVDPLedmHhfp96g-QudT2sJ2ZnxyZ6qk
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+tuberculosis+model+with+undetected+and+lost-sight+cases&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+nonlinear+science+%26+numerical+simulation&rft.au=Moualeu%2C+D.P.&rft.au=Nana+Yakam%2C+A.&rft.au=Bowong%2C+S.&rft.au=Temgoua%2C+A.&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=1007-5704&rft.eissn=1878-7274&rft.volume=41&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cnsns.2016.04.012&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK&rft.externalDocID=oai_HAL_hal_01317636v1
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1007-5704&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1007-5704&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1007-5704&client=summon