The CRUNCH model does not account for load-dependent changes in visuospatial working memory in older adults

Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CR...

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Published inNeuropsychologia Vol. 142; p. 107446
Main Author Jamadar, Sharna D.
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LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2020
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Abstract Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) model is a highly influential model of compensation, and states that increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in older adults compared to younger adults should reverse at higher levels of task difficulty. Here, the CRUNCH model was tested using a visuospatial working memory paradigm. fMRI activity in older vs. younger adults was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the model. Given that the CRUNCH model is the predominant model of compensation, this result was surprising. These results were followed up with a systematic review of the CRUNCH in healthy ageing literature. A surprisingly small number of published studies (4) have tested the predictions of the CRUNCH model. Further experimental work is required to validate the CRUNCH model in cognitive ageing. •Tested the compensation-related utilisation of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH) in healthy ageing.•Older and younger adults showed opposite effect of visuospatial working memory load to that predicted by CRUNCH.•Systematic review suggests insufficient published evidence testing CRUNCH model predictions.•More experimental work with larger samples required to validate & test reproducibility of CRUNCH model.
AbstractList Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) model is a highly influential model of compensation, and states that increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in older adults compared to younger adults should reverse at higher levels of task difficulty. Here, the CRUNCH model was tested using a visuospatial working memory paradigm. fMRI activity in older vs. younger adults was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the model. Given that the CRUNCH model is the predominant model of compensation, this result was surprising. These results were followed up with a systematic review of the CRUNCH in healthy ageing literature. A surprisingly small number of published studies (4) have tested the predictions of the CRUNCH model. Further experimental work is required to validate the CRUNCH model in cognitive ageing.Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) model is a highly influential model of compensation, and states that increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in older adults compared to younger adults should reverse at higher levels of task difficulty. Here, the CRUNCH model was tested using a visuospatial working memory paradigm. fMRI activity in older vs. younger adults was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the model. Given that the CRUNCH model is the predominant model of compensation, this result was surprising. These results were followed up with a systematic review of the CRUNCH in healthy ageing literature. A surprisingly small number of published studies (4) have tested the predictions of the CRUNCH model. Further experimental work is required to validate the CRUNCH model in cognitive ageing.
Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) model is a highly influential model of compensation, and states that increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in older adults compared to younger adults should reverse at higher levels of task difficulty. Here, the CRUNCH model was tested using a visuospatial working memory paradigm. fMRI activity in older vs. younger adults was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the model. Given that the CRUNCH model is the predominant model of compensation, this result was surprising. These results were followed up with a systematic review of the CRUNCH in healthy ageing literature. A surprisingly small number of published studies (4) have tested the predictions of the CRUNCH model. Further experimental work is required to validate the CRUNCH model in cognitive ageing.
Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task. This is typically interpreted as evidence for cognitive compensation. The Compensation-Related Utilisation of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) model is a highly influential model of compensation, and states that increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in older adults compared to younger adults should reverse at higher levels of task difficulty. Here, the CRUNCH model was tested using a visuospatial working memory paradigm. fMRI activity in older vs. younger adults was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the model. Given that the CRUNCH model is the predominant model of compensation, this result was surprising. These results were followed up with a systematic review of the CRUNCH in healthy ageing literature. A surprisingly small number of published studies (4) have tested the predictions of the CRUNCH model. Further experimental work is required to validate the CRUNCH model in cognitive ageing. •Tested the compensation-related utilisation of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH) in healthy ageing.•Older and younger adults showed opposite effect of visuospatial working memory load to that predicted by CRUNCH.•Systematic review suggests insufficient published evidence testing CRUNCH model predictions.•More experimental work with larger samples required to validate & test reproducibility of CRUNCH model.
ArticleNumber 107446
Author Jamadar, Sharna D.
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Keywords fMRI
Reproducibility
Compensation
Cognitive ageing
Systematic review
CRUNCH model
CRUNCH
Language English
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Snippet Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown that older adults tend to activate the brain to a greater extent than younger adults during the performance of a task....
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StartPage 107446
SubjectTerms Cognitive ageing
Compensation
CRUNCH model
Reproducibility
Systematic review
Title The CRUNCH model does not account for load-dependent changes in visuospatial working memory in older adults
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107446
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234498
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2385724006
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