Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 24; p. 13577
Main Authors Lukacova, Nadezda, Kisucka, Alexandra, Kiss Bimbova, Katarina, Bacova, Maria, Ileninova, Maria, Kuruc, Tomas, Galik, Jan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 17.12.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
Apoptosis
Astrocytes
Chemokines
Contusions
Cytokines
Degeneration
Disease Management
Gene expression
Homeostasis
Humans
in vivo glia-to neuron reprogramming
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammation - therapy
Inflammatory response
intercellular crosstalk
lesion microenvironment
Ligands
Macrophages
Microenvironments
Microglia
microglia and astrocytes phenotypes
Neurogenesis
Neuroglia - metabolism
Neuroglia - pathology
neuroinflammation
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons - metabolism
Neurons - pathology
Neuroprotection
Neurotoxicity
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Parenchyma
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Review
Spinal Cord - metabolism
Spinal Cord - pathology
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology
Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy
subpial delivery
Transcription activation
Trauma
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
lesion microenvironment
rehabilitation
intercellular crosstalk
neuroinflammation
electrostimulation
in vivo glia-to neuron reprogramming
neuroprotective strategies
subpial delivery
microglia and astrocytes phenotypes
gut dysbiosis
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Abstract Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
AbstractList Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
Author Lukacova, Nadezda
Galik, Jan
Bacova, Maria
Kisucka, Alexandra
Kuruc, Tomas
Ileninova, Maria
Kiss Bimbova, Katarina
AuthorAffiliation Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; kisucka@saske.sk (A.K.); bimbova@saske.sk (K.K.B.); bacova@saske.sk (M.B.); ileninova@saske.sk (M.I.); kuruc@saske.sk (T.K.); galik@saske.sk (J.G.)
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Issue 24
Keywords lesion microenvironment
rehabilitation
intercellular crosstalk
neuroinflammation
electrostimulation
in vivo glia-to neuron reprogramming
neuroprotective strategies
subpial delivery
microglia and astrocytes phenotypes
gut dysbiosis
Language English
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  year: 2021
  text: 20211217
  day: 17
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle International journal of molecular sciences
PublicationTitleAlternate Int J Mol Sci
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of...
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proquest
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StartPage 13577
SubjectTerms Animals
Apoptosis
Astrocytes
Chemokines
Contusions
Cytokines
Degeneration
Disease Management
Gene expression
Homeostasis
Humans
in vivo glia-to neuron reprogramming
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammation - therapy
Inflammatory response
intercellular crosstalk
lesion microenvironment
Ligands
Macrophages
Microenvironments
Microglia
microglia and astrocytes phenotypes
Neurogenesis
Neuroglia - metabolism
Neuroglia - pathology
neuroinflammation
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons - metabolism
Neurons - pathology
Neuroprotection
Neurotoxicity
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Parenchyma
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Review
Spinal Cord - metabolism
Spinal Cord - pathology
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology
Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy
subpial delivery
Transcription activation
Trauma
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Title Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34948371
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2612803540/abstract/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8708227
https://doaj.org/article/d87da0f6829d485cba3fb4ca48f0bc96
Volume 22
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