Insecticidal control of the mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pakistan

The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be t...

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Published in	Entomological research Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 76 - 80
Main Authors	Saeed, Shafqat (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan), E-mail: bumblebeepak@hotamil.com, Ahmad, Munir (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan), Ahmad, Mushtaq (Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan), Kwon, Y.J. (Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea)
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Melbourne, Australia Blackwell Publishing Asia 01.06.2007 한국곤충학회
Subjects	application rate bifenthrin CARBAMATE CARBAMATES CARBAMATOS chlorpyrifos cotton Hemiptera insect control insect pests integrated pest management lethal concentration 50 organophosphate Pakistan Phenacoccus Phenacoccus gossypiphilous PIRETRINAS SINTETICAS profenofos Pseudococcidae PYRETHRINE DE SYNTHESE pyrethroid SYNTHETIC PYRETHRINS 생물학 Pakistan
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1738-2297 1748-5967 1748-5967
DOI	10.1111/j.1748-5967.2007.00047.x

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Abstract	The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC∧50. In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest.
AbstractList	The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC∧50. In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC₅₀. In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The present study has shown that the insecticides tested, in particular profenofos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl and bifenthrin, provide satisfactory control of the cotton mealybug. The control of the insect pest complex throughout the cotton crop predominantly depends on wise and justified use of these chemicals, and necessitates development of an integrated pest management strategy. The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC50. In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The present study has shown that the insecticides tested, in particular profenofos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl and bifenthrin, provide satisfactory control of the cotton mealybug. The control of the insect pest complex throughout the cotton crop predominantly depends on wise and justified use of these chemicals, and necessitates development of an integrated pest management strategy. KCI Citation Count: 0 The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC sub(50). In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The present study has shown that the insecticides tested, in particular profenofos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl and bifenthrin, provide satisfactory control of the cotton mealybug. The control of the insect pest complex throughout the cotton crop predominantly depends on wise and justified use of these chemicals, and necessitates development of an integrated pest management strategy. The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC 50 . In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The present study has shown that the insecticides tested, in particular profenofos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl and bifenthrin, provide satisfactory control of the cotton mealybug. The control of the insect pest complex throughout the cotton crop predominantly depends on wise and justified use of these chemicals, and necessitates development of an integrated pest management strategy.
Author	Saeed, Shafqat (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan), E-mail: bumblebeepak@hotamil.com Ahmad, Munir (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan) Kwon, Y.J. (Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea) Ahmad, Mushtaq (Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan)
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Cites_doi	10.1093/jee/85.1.212 10.1093/jee/65.5.1329 10.1017/S0007485300041730 10.30843/nzpp.1993.46.11161 10.1071/AR9770319 10.1071/ZO9760237 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00219-3 10.1093/jee/18.2.265a 10.1017/CHOL9780521077910
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References	Anonymous (1990) Bulletin of the European Plant Protection Organization 20: 399-400. Furness GO (1976) The dispersal, age-structure and natural enemies of the long-tailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-tozzetri), in relation to sampling and control. Australian Journal of Zoology 24: 237-247. LeOra Software (1987) POLO-PC, A User's Guide to Probit or Logit Analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley, CA, USA. Finney DJ (1971) Probit Analysis, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, UK. Huang BK, Qiu JH, Jiang F (1983) A study of citrus root mealy bug - a new insect on citrus in China. Journal of the Fujian Agricultural College (Fujian Nongxueyuan Xuebao) 12: 183-193. Bartlett BR, Clancy DW (1972) Treatment for the control of root mealy bug on nursery plants. Journal of Economic Entomology 65: 1329-1332. Abbott SW (1925) A method of competing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 265-267. Agrello AM, Spangler SM, Reissig SM, Lawson DS, Weires RW (1992) Seasonal development and management strategies for Comstock mealybug in New York pea orchards (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 212-225. Ahmad M, Iqbal AM, Ahmad Z (2003) Susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to new chemistries in Pakistan. Crop Protection 22: 539-544. French JV, Reeve RJ (1979) Insect growth regulators and conventional insecticides for suppression of citrus mealybug. Southwestern Entomologist 4: 238-243. Furness GO (1977) Chemical and integrated control of long tailed mealy bug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-tozzetri), (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in riverland of south Africa. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 28: 319-332. Babu TR, Ramanamurthy G (1998) Residual toxicity of pesticides to the adults of Scymnus coccivora Aiyar (Coccinellidae; Coleoptera), a predator on mealybugs on grape. Indian Journal of Plant Protection 26: 96-98. Cudjoe AR, Neuenschwander P, Copland MJW (1993) Interference by ants in biological control of cassava mealybug Phenococus manihoti (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83: 15-22. Fabres G, Kiyindou A (1985) Comparison of the biotic potential of two coccinellids (Exochomus flaviventris and Hyperaspis senegalensis hottentotta, Col. Coccinellidae), predators of Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom. Pseudococcidae) in the Congo. Acta Oecologica, Oecologia Applicata 6: 339-348. Anonymous (2005) Weekly Pest Scouting Reports. Directorate General, Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Bartlett BR (1978) Pseudococcidae. In: Introduced parasites and predators of Arthropod pests and weeds: a biological control of avocado pests in Israel. Agriculture Handbook 480: 137-170. Wysoki M, Swirski E, Izhar Y (1981) Biological control of avocado pests in Israel. Protection Ecology 3: 25-28. Bekele T (2001) Insecticidal screening against enset root mealybug, Paraputo spp. AgriTopia 16: 2-3. Gross S, Gefen D, Rotman N, Tadmor U, Zemer B, Gotlib A, Gefen Y (2001) Chemical control of spherical mealy bug (Nipaecoccus viridis) (Newstead) in citrus, Alon Hanotea. Alon Hanotea 54: 234-240. Abbas G, Arif MJ, Saeed S (2005) Systematic status of new species of genus Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae), a serious pest of cotton Gossypium Hirsutum L. in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomology 27: 83-84. Cox JM (1989) The Mealybug plancoccus (Homoptera; Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 58: 1-78. Abbas G (e_1_2_5_3_1) 2006 Bekele T (e_1_2_5_12_1) 2001; 16 e_1_2_5_15_1 Huang BK (e_1_2_5_22_1) 1983; 12 e_1_2_5_17_1 Fabres G (e_1_2_5_16_1) 1985; 6 e_1_2_5_11_1 e_1_2_5_6_1 e_1_2_5_13_1 Cox JM (e_1_2_5_14_1) 1989; 58 e_1_2_5_5_1 LeOra Software (e_1_2_5_23_1) 1987 e_1_2_5_4_1 Bartlett BR (e_1_2_5_10_1) 1978; 480 e_1_2_5_19_1 French JV (e_1_2_5_18_1) 1979; 4 Anonymous (e_1_2_5_7_1) 1990; 20 Babu TR (e_1_2_5_9_1) 1998; 26 Wysoki M (e_1_2_5_24_1) 1981; 3 Anonymous (e_1_2_5_8_1) 2005 e_1_2_5_20_1 Abbas G (e_1_2_5_2_1) 2005; 27 Gross S (e_1_2_5_21_1) 2001; 54
References_xml	– reference: Abbas G, Arif MJ, Saeed S (2005) Systematic status of new species of genus Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae), a serious pest of cotton Gossypium Hirsutum L. in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomology 27: 83-84. – reference: Bekele T (2001) Insecticidal screening against enset root mealybug, Paraputo spp. AgriTopia 16: 2-3. – reference: Ahmad M, Iqbal AM, Ahmad Z (2003) Susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to new chemistries in Pakistan. Crop Protection 22: 539-544. – reference: Abbott SW (1925) A method of competing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 265-267. – reference: LeOra Software (1987) POLO-PC, A User's Guide to Probit or Logit Analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley, CA, USA. – reference: Babu TR, Ramanamurthy G (1998) Residual toxicity of pesticides to the adults of Scymnus coccivora Aiyar (Coccinellidae; Coleoptera), a predator on mealybugs on grape. Indian Journal of Plant Protection 26: 96-98. – reference: Bartlett BR (1978) Pseudococcidae. In: Introduced parasites and predators of Arthropod pests and weeds: a biological control of avocado pests in Israel. Agriculture Handbook 480: 137-170. – reference: Wysoki M, Swirski E, Izhar Y (1981) Biological control of avocado pests in Israel. Protection Ecology 3: 25-28. – reference: Gross S, Gefen D, Rotman N, Tadmor U, Zemer B, Gotlib A, Gefen Y (2001) Chemical control of spherical mealy bug (Nipaecoccus viridis) (Newstead) in citrus, Alon Hanotea. Alon Hanotea 54: 234-240. – reference: Cudjoe AR, Neuenschwander P, Copland MJW (1993) Interference by ants in biological control of cassava mealybug Phenococus manihoti (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83: 15-22. – reference: Furness GO (1976) The dispersal, age-structure and natural enemies of the long-tailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-tozzetri), in relation to sampling and control. Australian Journal of Zoology 24: 237-247. – reference: Anonymous (1990) Bulletin of the European Plant Protection Organization 20: 399-400. – reference: Finney DJ (1971) Probit Analysis, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, UK. – reference: Anonymous (2005) Weekly Pest Scouting Reports. Directorate General, Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. – reference: Fabres G, Kiyindou A (1985) Comparison of the biotic potential of two coccinellids (Exochomus flaviventris and Hyperaspis senegalensis hottentotta, Col. Coccinellidae), predators of Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom. Pseudococcidae) in the Congo. Acta Oecologica, Oecologia Applicata 6: 339-348. – reference: Huang BK, Qiu JH, Jiang F (1983) A study of citrus root mealy bug - a new insect on citrus in China. Journal of the Fujian Agricultural College (Fujian Nongxueyuan Xuebao) 12: 183-193. – reference: Bartlett BR, Clancy DW (1972) Treatment for the control of root mealy bug on nursery plants. Journal of Economic Entomology 65: 1329-1332. – reference: Furness GO (1977) Chemical and integrated control of long tailed mealy bug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-tozzetri), (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in riverland of south Africa. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 28: 319-332. – reference: Agrello AM, Spangler SM, Reissig SM, Lawson DS, Weires RW (1992) Seasonal development and management strategies for Comstock mealybug in New York pea orchards (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 212-225. – reference: Cox JM (1989) The Mealybug plancoccus (Homoptera; Pseudococcidae). 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Snippet	The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different... The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different...
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SubjectTerms	application rate bifenthrin CARBAMATE CARBAMATES CARBAMATOS chlorpyrifos cotton Hemiptera insect control insect pests integrated pest management lethal concentration 50 organophosphate Pakistan Phenacoccus Phenacoccus gossypiphilous PIRETRINAS SINTETICAS profenofos Pseudococcidae PYRETHRINE DE SYNTHESE pyrethroid SYNTHETIC PYRETHRINS 생물학
Title	Insecticidal control of the mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pakistan
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