Variation in the toxicity of arsenic compounds to microorganisms and the suppression of the inhibitory effects by phosphate

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Published inApplied Microbiology Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 46 - 53
Main Author Da Costa, E.W.B
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 1972
Subjects
Arsenic - pharmacology
Arsenicals - pharmacology
Bacteria - drug effects
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Basidiomycota - drug effects
Basidiomycota - growth & development
Biological Assay
Chlorella - drug effects
Chlorella - growth & development
Chlorophyta - drug effects
Cladosporium herbarum
Culture Media
decay fungi
Drug Antagonism
Drug Interactions
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Ecology and Taxonomy
Fungi - drug effects
Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mitosporic Fungi - drug effects
Mitosporic Fungi - growth & development
Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
Phosphates - pharmacology
Potassium
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Abstract Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM       
AbstractList The toxicity of potassium arsenate, as measured by retardation or inhibition of growth on solid nutrient media, showed wide variation among different fungi but was consistently reduced by the addition of large amounts of potassium phosphate, with both arsenic-sensitive and arsenic-tolerant fungi. Poria monticola was completely inhibited by 0.0025 M arsenate but was progressively less inhibited as the phosphate content of the medium increased and grew slowly at 0.04 M arsenate when 0.16 M KH(2)PO(4) was added. Cladosporium herbarum showed 36% reduction in growth at 0.08 M arsenate in a low-phosphate medium, but when 0.01 M KH(2)PO(4) was added, arsenate concentrations up to 0.64 M (at which the medium contains 4.8% As) caused no reduction in growth rate. Addition of phosphate also reduced the toxicity of potassium arsenite but not that of dimethyl sodium arsonate (sodium cacodylate). The counteracting effect of phosphate on arsenate toxicity was found to occur with every one of a wide variety of microorganisms tested. The author interprets the results as supporting the thesis that the fungitoxicity of arsenate is due to its competitive interference with phosphorus in oxidative phosphorylation and not to a reaction with the -SH groups of essential proteins. The latter mechanism is, however, probably operative with dimethyl sodium arsonate. The practical implications of the counter-inhibition phenomenon in laboratory investigations and standard tests of arsenical fungicides, in biochemical research, and in the commercial use of arsenical biocides are set out.
The toxicity of potassium arsenate, as measured by retardation or inhibition of growth on solid nutrient media, showed wide variation among different fungi but was consistently reduced by the addition of large amounts of potassium phosphate, with both arsenic-sensitive and arsenic-tolerant fungi. Poria monticola was completely inhibited by 0.0025 M arsenate but was progressively less inhibited as the phosphate content of the medium increased and grew slowly at 0.04 M arsenate when 0.16 M KH 2 PO 4 was added. Cladosporium herbarum showed 36% reduction in growth at 0.08 M arsenate in a low-phosphate medium, but when 0.01 M KH 2 PO 4 was added, arsenate concentrations up to 0.64 M (at which the medium contains 4.8% As) caused no reduction in growth rate. Addition of phosphate also reduced the toxicity of potassium arsenite but not that of dimethyl sodium arsonate (sodium cacodylate). The counteracting effect of phosphate on arsenate toxicity was found to occur with every one of a wide variety of microorganisms tested. The author interprets the results as supporting the thesis that the fungitoxicity of arsenate is due to its competitive interference with phosphorus in oxidative phosphorylation and not to a reaction with the —SH groups of essential proteins. The latter mechanism is, however, probably operative with dimethyl sodium arsonate. The practical implications of the counter-inhibition phenomenon in laboratory investigations and standard tests of arsenical fungicides, in biochemical research, and in the commercial use of arsenical biocides are set out.
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Author Da Costa, E.W.B
AuthorAffiliation Forest Products Laboratory, Division of Building Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia
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The toxicity of potassium arsenate, as measured by retardation or inhibition of growth on solid nutrient media, showed wide variation among different fungi but...
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StartPage 46
SubjectTerms Arsenic - pharmacology
Arsenicals - pharmacology
Bacteria - drug effects
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Basidiomycota - drug effects
Basidiomycota - growth & development
Biological Assay
Chlorella - drug effects
Chlorella - growth & development
Chlorophyta - drug effects
Cladosporium herbarum
Culture Media
decay fungi
Drug Antagonism
Drug Interactions
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Ecology and Taxonomy
Fungi - drug effects
Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mitosporic Fungi - drug effects
Mitosporic Fungi - growth & development
Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
Phosphates - pharmacology
Potassium
Title Variation in the toxicity of arsenic compounds to microorganisms and the suppression of the inhibitory effects by phosphate
URI http://aem.asm.org/content/23/1/46.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5062093
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC380275
Volume 23
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