The regulatory actions of retinoic acid on M2 polarization of porcine macrophages

• Published in: Developmental and comparative immunology Vol. 98; pp. 20 - 33
• Main Authors: Chen, Celine, Perry, Trinity L., Chitko-McKown, Carol G., Smith, Allen D., Cheung, Lumei, Beshah, Ethiopia, Urban, Joseph F., Dawson, Harry D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2019; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adenosine; All-trans-retinoic acid; Animals; CCL17 protein; CCL22 protein; CD163 antigen; Cell activation; Cells, Cultured; Chemokines; Chemokines - genetics; Chemokines - immunology; Cytochrome; Cytochrome b; Cytochromes; Gene expression; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Human behavior; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune response; Inflammation; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 1 receptors; Interleukin 4; Interleukin-4 - pharmacology; Macrophage; Macrophage Activation - drug effects; Macrophage Activation - genetics; Macrophage Activation - immunology; Macrophages; Macrophages - classification; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - metabolism; Mucosa; Nematodes; Nutrition; Opsonization; Parasitic diseases; Phagocytosis; Phagocytosis - drug effects; Phagocytosis - immunology; Porcine; Retinoic acid; Staphylococcus aureus - immunology; Swine; Transcriptome - drug effects; Transcriptome - immunology; Transglutaminase 2; Tretinoin - pharmacology; Viruses; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin D receptors; Porcine; Interleukin 4; All-trans-retinoic acid; Macrophage

We previously demonstrated that the most bioactive vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), increased T helper 2-associated responses induced in pigs by infection with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum We also showed that ATRA potentiated the mRNA expression of several IL-4 induced ch...